Arquivo para a ‘Economia’ Categoria
There are just institutions
22
May
The corrosion of most Western institutions, but also most of the Eastern ones,
is the ferment in which fanaticism and fundamentalism grow. What is seen is a large number of opportunist candidates in elections in so-called “central” countries.
In his work, Amartya Sen shows that thinking about institutions is already very old, and separates them into two main currents of thought: “transcendental institutionalism” (Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant and Rawls) and “comparison-based realization” ( Karl Marx, Jeremy Bentham, Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill).
As we have already pointed out here on a number of topics, the basis of idealistic thought, which is assumed in transcendental institutionalists, unfortunately includes much of contemporary religious thought, and as Sen emphasizes two characteristics are common: it is the focus on a perfect society and To look upon perfect and just institutions, in this ideal sense, an almost Platonic ideal and which supposes, if not just, the least evil.
Another eminent author who makes inroads into the Theory of Empowerment is Martha Nussbaum, who makes the following distinction about Sen’s work: “Amartya Sen is concerned with comparisons about the standard of living of individuals, whether it would be connected to the debate about” how “… can provide a basis for central constitutional principles in which citizens have the right to make demands on their governments,” so one can see that it does not separate from idealistic institutionalism, although its work The “empowerment” of Sen’s work.
Amartya Sen’s work, more than 30 years ago, has sketched what is a true Theory of Justice, in a very broad sense, with the objective of clarifying what we can think of in terms of overcoming injustices, instead of offering resolutions of How to deal with perfect justice, “as Sen writes in a recent paper.
The approach we want, should respect each person as a purpose and a source of agency and value in their own right, if we can say so, an ontological justice.
It is not by chance that Paul Ricoeur’s work on the Just (2008) begins with a critique of Rawls, although in a different sense from that of Nussbaum and Amarthya Sem, he also defines it as
In upholding the importance of bringing happiness to people, Amarthya Sen’s sentence in Theory of Empowerment is deadly: “Empowerment is a kind of power. Happiness, no. “
Nussbaum, Martha. Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach, 1990. In NUSSBAUM, Martha and SEN, Amartya (Eds.), The quality of life. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
Ricoeur, Paul. Fair 1: justice as a moral rule and institution. BENEDETTI, Ivone G. [Trad.]. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2008, vol. I.
Sen, Amartya. The idea of justice. SP: Cia das Letras, 2011
The world hacker attack
15
May
It is already the biggest worldwide attack, the numbers counted until 
Sunday (14/05) already surpassed 200,000 infected computers in 150 countries, but like any digital virus there is no deadline for it to end unless the systems are permanently protected, because of this the update is so necessary.
The virus type ransonware, a malware that installs itself on your computer, encrypts all data and blocks them by requiring payment (in this case in bitcoins, digital currency) and does not allow you to access your own programs and data.
It was called by the Wanna Cry hackers themselves, considered a high-level malware distributed as Deep Web, and the information says that it was an adaptation of a US NCSA portlet (intelligence department) and this would be precisely to encrypt and capture data of citizens and businesses.
For those who have ease in using the Windows environment, going in settings you will find the Update and Security screen (Windows update) and must wait for the update that may take a while, but will also update Windows Defender, which in the current version already has the vaccine against this virus.
If the program does not fully upgrade, it is because your Windows is not original, so it means you will still not be safe.
However, researchers are not going to disclose the strategies, but they can basically be three: trace the historical origin of the attack, track where the current attacks are coming from, and unconventional mechanisms.
To verify the use of bitcoins, since they are pseudonyms (pseudo-currencies) that must be transformed into existing products or currencies to be rescued the values of the hijacking of data made by the hackers.
It is increasingly important to keep data backups on cloud backups or an external hard drive.
Corruption and the demand for change
12
May
The demand for change is also a demand for a change of mentality, and without
any doubt, the great changes that are necessary in our society are the participation of public money in essential sectors: health, education and security, not forgetting the profound inequality that Brazil Has but not at any price and what price?
For an authentic change the mentality of what is government, what is state, and whom these people serve, in the Brazilian case, needs a profound change of mentality, and it is enough to read the literature of the country to know that the root of this mentality is Cultural and structural.
Also in biblical times, the religious mentality needed to be changed, and Peter’s message after the death and resurrection of Jesus is very clear: “In many other words Peter testified to them and exhorted them, saying,” Save yourselves from this Corrupt people! “(Acts 2:10), clear within our context is a little different.
But not the corrupting act, for it is not only the economic aspect, but the thing that is eroding and destroying a society, and it is not possible to change the mentality, without tampering with the people who represent this corrupting model and who holds the power to it.
Not how to change without changing values, positions and especially what is the foundation of a public function: service to the community as a whole and not to self-interests,
A new society demands new men, in whom the change of mentality has already happened, people who have principles that do not negotiate, and this is a utopia in the sense that Paul Ricoeur defends, for those who understand the good ideology, it is ideology.
Imaginary, Utopia and ideology
11
May
Although we have done a translation of ours, we preserve the original text,
because the concepts here, such as good life, have no relation to bon vivant and the original is important.
Imaginary has already had in mind the same confusion that exists today for the virtual, Ricoeur’s clarification in his work undoes this confusion: “the arbitrary evocation of things absent, but existing elsewhere” (Ricoeur, 1986, p. Such as “portraits, pictures, drawings, diagrams, etc. … whose function is to play the role of the things they represent “(Idem).
But he does not fail to realize that there is the use of the image in the unreal sense, in this sense imaginary and imaginary has practical functions, it designates “fictions that do not evoke things absent, but things that do not exist … applies to the field of illusions” (idem ) That leads one who gives himself to them to believe that the aim is a real object.
It makes here an important relation to the idealistic concepts of subject and object: “fictions that do not evoke absent things, but things that do not exist … application to the field of illusions” (idem) that leads to the one who gives himself to believe that the object Is real, this is ideology in the ideal sense, even if they are not the object of liberal concepts, they are still Hegelian.
This kind of consciousness leads “on the side of the subject, to the axis of the fascinated consciousness and the critical consciousness (idem), and here Ricoeur supposes that the imaginary, the symbolic, the mythical and the fictional can have a truth value, Allow us to describe the human condition, making us perceive new existential possibilities, and this seems very current.
What Ricoeur proposes is to discern the positive functions of both ideology and utopia: it is “an interpretation of real life (being) the expression of all the potentialities of a group that are repressed by the existing order” (Ricoeur, 1986, p. 387-388).
Ricoeur, however, makes an essential difference between the two, the theme of power, and insofar as it “wants to be an accomplished eschatology,” must have the function, this is the problem, of “keeping open the field of the possible” (1986 , Pp. 389-390), and here ethics enters.
He also writes a small ethic in discerning action a new culture of peace “and its challenge is the globalization of nonviolence”, “the external face of the virtue of prudence” (1986: 402).
Herein lies the function of the ethics of utopia, since it can bring about a “living together”, which the author makes clear by creating a summarized rule of thumb as “living the good life, with and for others, in just institutions” ( 1990, pp. 199-236).
Of course this refers to the concept of good that is the good life, not adopt here the jocular sense of bon vivant is not this, but the good of classical philosophy, thus the city of the future and not the government of the future, because there live Citizens who make their micropolitics, the one that goes towards the ideal city for the “education of all for freedom, for discussion” (1986, 400), although of course this requires an ethical state, but it is not he Of opinions.
The ethical state defined by Ricoeur defines it as “its virtue is prudence
RICOEUR, P. Du texte à l’action. Paris Seuil, 1986.
RICOEUR, P. Soi-même comme un autre. Paris: Seuil, 1990.
The reasons for the 2nd. World War
28
Apr
The previous post showed the humiliation of Germany in the work of Versailles,
forced to return the territories of Alsace-Lorraine to France, in addition to other territories that were actually annexations, but this hurt the still strong German national feeling.
The world markets were divided between the world markets are spread between France, Belgium, United Kingdom, Holland, Italy, Japan and United States.
German politics with Hitler, who ascended to power in 1933, turned to Siberian coal and iron, Romanian and Caucasus oil, and Ukrainian wheat.
The growth of Nazi Germany as a way to block the Soviet Union. The invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, by German troops and planes, is not surprising, since fear was Russian expansion, but the relationship becomes dubious by Hitler’s clear desire to make further annexations.
Another humiliation unacceptable to the Germans at the end of the 1st. World War was to undo the 100,000 men demilitarizing the Rhineland (border region with France), as well as the dismantling of the fortifications located 50 km from the Rhine, an agreement dismantled by Hitler.
The world production was reduced by 40%, the reduction of iron reached 60%, that of steel 58%, that of petroleum 13% and that of coal 29%.
Thus Germany in the West and Japan in the East attempt to exploit this market weakness of its rivals and also the anti-communist treaties made with Japan (November 1936) and with Italy (January 1937), make Grow militarization in a logic that more weapons for war causes a war.
Japan in 1937, after occupying the rich Manchuria region, invaded the rest of China, triggering a long conflict in Asia, which will clash with US interests in Asia and lead the war to Alliance with Germany and Italy, forming the Axis, while another block will be the Allies, with support in many countries (map).
What is intended to be demonstrated by historical facts is that the conditions of both the growth of militarism, the crisis of markets generated by economic problems in several countries and the nationalist sentiment are the basis of these wars and there is concern about the progress of this exacerbated feeling at this moment Worldwide, we must prevent, because a war can now be catastrophic
The Reasons of the 1st. World War
27
Apr
Until about 1914 Europe exercised economic supremacy, political 
world production capacity provoked a great dispute between the world powers, in the search for new consumer markets and new sources of raw materials, grew out of this market the American and Japanese power .
European hegemony was maintained by African and Asian colonialism, remember India’s submission to Gandhi, as well as areas of influence in areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The so-called Old World was accommodated to a model that began to crumble with the Russian Revolution in 1919 and the humiliation of France in the 1870 defeat of Alsace-Lorraine (it had to yield to regions rich in coal and iron ore), then The tension Germany and France were constant.
Alongside the real blocs the Pan-Germanic and Pan-Slavic that included the dominions of the Austro-Hungarian Empire led by Russia, gives to understand the interests of today in Turkey and region of Syria; In the periphery will sprout the conflict that triggers the 1st. War, the clashes between Serbia and Austria on the Balkan peninsula, the services supported by the Russians, try to contain the expansion of Austria but this annex and Bosnia and Herzegovina, preventing Serbia from incorporating other Slavic regions.
That is why the fuse was the death in June 1914 of the Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, a murder in Sarajevo, rather the region that recently exploded in Serbian-Bosnian conflicts.
Agreement that calls for the union of all Slavic Eastern European peoples, including those under the domination of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, led by Russia seeking a way out to the Mediterranean.
Two alliances are formed: the Triple Entente: England and France, which opposes German expansion, and then receive the accession of Russia, and the Triple Alliance: Germany, Austro-Hungary and Italy, later with US It was said attacked by Germany is forced the Treaty of Versailles laying down the new domains of the countries (see map above).
World War I sowed seeds for World War II, since militarism and nationalism did not disappear; on the contrary, new forms of totalitarianism emerged even more sweeping from the crowds, such as fascism in Italy and Nazi-fascism in Germany.
Reasons for war
26
Apr
The reasons for the first and second war were national interests, the first the 
German attempt to isolate France, joining the Austro-Hungarian empire with which cultural ties are stronger and still courted Italy, France on the other hand reacted To the isolation making a military agreement with Russia since this one had interests and indeed it did, advancing on part of Germany and Hungary.
The second is more present in the heads of all, the axis formed by ultranationalist views of the state, Germany that advanced on Austria and subdued Poland, is aligned with fascist Italy and Japan, but the interests were not other But the national economic ones.
We see with concern the same ultranationalist models reborn, but behind this model, a little already surpassed by a globalized world, we have the war industry. A not-so-recent documentary on Why the Fight is quite enlightening, produced in the US in 2005 could be a defense of the country, but as much as national sentiment, the anti-war sentiment there is equally strong, remember the war Of Vietnam, how much protest it generated in the most enlightened sections of the population.
But the documentary does not leave aside the question of the common person: “why fight?”.
Theisdocumentary , released in January 2006 and a little later in Brazil, reviews US military investments in the last 50 years, but also brings interviews from academics and government officials to soldiers and Suffered the consequences of the war.
The document led by Eugene Jarecki, with his production and Susannah Shipman won several awards and is a sensible analysis at a time of new war possibilities.
Another important aspect of the film is its fidelity to the facts, as well as a daring analysis of everything behind the American war industry.
A good critical analysis is needed on the current problems with North Korea and Syria
First Impressions Moto G5
27
Mar
On March 7, Motorola officially launched its new Moto G5 and Moto G5 Plus models 
in an event held in São Paulo Brazil, yesterday morning, the advertising spoke of design, performance and memory, but we must wait to see the reality;
The old Moto G models have always been competitive in price, and in cost x quality they ended up beating the competitors to the Brazilian’s pocket, now starting by packing the model from the charger to the headset the first impression is very good.
Although the announcement is about the “aluminum finish”, the Moto G5 is almost all plastic body; it is possible to notice a small metal plate on the back, removable to give access to the battery compartments, SIM chips and the slot storage.
Among the optional colors: platinum, blue (safira) and black, stands out the novelty of the gold.
The Moto G5 has also decreased in size, now 144.3 in height by 73 mm in width, and 9.5 mm in thickness, which means that the new model is finer in the new models, and is lighter with only 145 grams.
But the big surprise is the technical features: 5-inch IPS LCD screen with Full HD resolution (1080×1920 pixels), giving a density of 441 ppi, with Wi-Fi 802.11 a / b / g / n, Bluetooth 4.2 with LE / A2DP and GPS / A-GPS / Glonass / Beidu for location.
With the Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 chipset with eight cores and maximum clock rate at 1.4 GHz, Adreno 505 GPU, 2 GB of RAM and 32 GB of internal storage space, which can be expanded via microSD card up to 128 GB, comes to Market competition.
The price is rotating around 900 to 1,000 reals (around U$ 300) for the common model, while the plus is around 1500 reais (around U$ 650).
Is there no digital economy?
20
Mar
The technophobes feed these besides other illusions, in fact they make money speaking 
this, but the digital economy already reached the $ 110 billion in 2014, only with the applications Uber, Airbnb and Kickstarter; Not to mention smartphones, tablets and laptops.
These three applications are expected to reach $ 1 trillion by 2017, which is higher than the GDP of many countries in the world and a third of the Brazilian, if we join all applications will probably be higher than our GDP.
Victor Reimann, just 25 years old and one of the partners of the developer and incubator of projects of collaborative economy Engage, with headquarters in Porto Alegre, clarifies that this economy “attracted people first by a need to optimize resources”.
Yuri Faber, creator of Zasnu, which offers a vehicle sharing service, says “The global recession has made people aware that collaborative consumption is good for lowering costs and good for everyone.”
I know in Berlin, Justice has already banned some services from Uber, also in Australia in the city of Melbourne, the city already fine drivers who receive money to transport passengers intermediated by the application, but in Brazil I know several friends who travel dividing the trip, and The number of people who do this will make any inspection impossible, after all they are not Uber cars or other services, of course you need to have a good car.
The Airbnb has hosted more than 120 thousand people during the World Cup, of course taking advantage of the speculation of the hotel network in addition to precarious services.
The digital economy will grow even more, and even those who make money speaking ill of it, could have their earnings computed as a digital economy, thus generating a curious paradox: speaking ill of the digital economy makes it grow in real numbers in this.
