Arquivo para a ‘Linguagens’ Categoria
Hermeneutics, ontology and dialogue
02
Feb
The word hermeneutics comes from the Greek hermeneuti, hermeneutik or hermeneia,
in a sense given by Philo of Alexandria as “hermeneia is logos expressed in words, manifestation of thought by word,” so it is associated with the god Hermes.
This god in Greek mythology was a mediator, patron of communication and human understanding whose function was to make the divine message intelligible to men, being attributed both to the origin of oral and written language.
Ontological hermeneutics was developed in the Middle Ages, it was based on the idea that there would be normative forms that allowed from interpretative techniques of texts, to make unique interpretations, but from the beginning it was divided into theological hermeneutics (sacra) and philosophical (profane) hermeneutics, and more recently a legal hermeneutics has emerged.
Plato was the first to use it, with the clear aim of overcoming the relativism of the sophists, but the understanding of this as language is due to the already mentioned Philo and Clement of Alexandria, and later Augustine (354-430) developed it As “Christian doctrine,” which, whatever the reading, is admittedly the most effective in the ancient world.
Plato (427 BC) the first to use it. Philo and Clement of Alexandria will understand it as the manifestation of thought by language. Augustine (354-430), who developed in his “Christian Doctrine” the acknowledged most effective hermeneutical theory of the “ancient world”, will use it as a doctrine of interpretation, especially of the obscure passages of Sacred Scripture, the method may help also a universal vision of using language in the interpretation of philosophical and even scientific texts.
Schleimacher will lend this reading, the idea that it is mainly in obscure passages of the Bible to seek the “living truth” because, he says, this is a search for understanding, or as he says: “understanding means, in principle, with each other” and that knowledge is, in principle, understanding.
Understanding and dialogue are correlates because it implies that not only is an interpretive view valid, but one can think of views from angles or distinct aspects in such a way that the truth emerges in the face of a discourse that is not closed, curiously here one can Also calls it hermetic, and there may be dialogue, in the sense that the tone is not raised, but not the dialogic one in the sense of “fusion of horizons”, a concept dear to Gadamer.
Understanding to knowledge as a phenomenon, not as logical-deductive reasoning, only in this case can one understand how Dilthey would say that “to understand is to understand an expression”, differentiating the relations of the spiritual world from causal relations in the nexus of nature, : A seed is planted that will sprout and grow a tree.
For Gadamer (1997), there is a proper foundation of the sciences of the spirit, so that in Dilthey’s hermeneutics more than an instrument, it can become valid as the universal medium of historical consciousness, for which there is no other knowledge Of the truth than to understand the expression, and this depends on the other, not on the instrumentalization of the other, in this sense dialogue may in some cases not promote dialogue, mutual understanding and mutual acceptance.
Campus Party Brazil starts tomorrow
30
Jan
The tenth edition of the Campus Party, a concentration of fans, workers, 
companies and even thinkers who use a wide space to exchange experiences, products and ideas of the advances of the digital world, takes place at the Anhembi pavilion in São Paulo.
This year, there are two waves that are already booming in this environment: the internet of things and sharing, which came out of digital products and went to different areas: toys, temporary rental of houses, availability of parking spaces for travel, etc.
At the main stage where some interesting names are called and others not so much, this year will appear figures such as: Michel Nicolelis (Brazilian who is world name in neuroscience), Camille François (cyber-activist who defends privacy, anonymity, Harvard) and Paul Zaloom, (famous actor in the 90s with program The World of Beakman), and others of course.
Another novelty is the link established with UNDP (UN Development Program), which has 17 sustainable development objectives, in 100 hours will be developed what is called Big Hackathon where projects are proposed and can be undertaken by public or private initiative with Funding shared by the UN.
I highlight among these goals 8 that I consider to be urgent: Eradication of poverty, zero hunger and sustainable agriculture, quality education, clean and affordable energy, decent work and economic growth, reduction of inequalities, global action on climate and peace / justice / effective institutions .
The event starts tomorrow and admission costs $ 240 brazilian reais (around U$ 75).
Holography is here to stay
23
Jan
Holography has already come to stay, there are already projection techniques such 
use of cubes or pyramids of glass (holographic glass) or without glasses (no glass), such as the photos on the side.
As it is always the aggressive gaming industry that first emerges with new technologies, it was thus the augmented reality with Pokemons, and now the holography with glasses and games in Windows Holographic VR headset (Virtual Reality) with the handset of 350 grams, 200 Grams less than the HTC VIVE, both scheduled to launch this year.
The information contained in The Verge’s specialized website says that the design is comfortable on new Lenovo equipment using OLED panels with 1440×1440 resolution, more defined its Glasses Rift, but the prototype taken to the last CES 2017 event was not working (oh no!).
An important point is that its internal sensors allow the equipment is used if it is necessary to have an external detection camera; this is no small thing, since holographic environments with full immersion can arise from there.
The final price speculated on some sites, among them The Verge is that it will be close to $ 300, which here would give something around the R $ 1 thousand brazilian reals, but with taxes it is known there for the ceiling that goes.
Hermeneutics and this problem
18
Jan
After clarifying the question of method, it is important because of the question 
of science, it must be understood that this is not its fundamental problem, although it is related to knowledge and truth it is, so Gadamer (p. 32)
“The phenomenon of understanding that pervades not only everything that concerns the world of the human being. Its purpose is to search everywhere for the experience of truth, which goes beyond the field of control of scientific methodology, and of its own legitimacy, wherever it may be found. “(Page 30)
The main aim, though not explicitly stated, is to demonstrate the fragility of contemporary philosophical thought, for he saw the night of Western thought:
“… the judgment that, in our time, flooded with rapid transformations, is threatened with obscuration. What is transforming imposes itself on sight, incomparably more than something that continues as it has always been. The perspectives that result from the experience of historical transformation are, for this reason, always running the risk of becoming distortions, for forgetting the concealment of what persists “(page 34).
Gadamer wants to retake the good humanistic tradition, of course this is a judgment of values, but we have already developed something here, but a central point is the Hegelian contribution on “formation”:
“Here training does not mean more culture, that is, the perfection of faculties and talents. The ascension of the word formation awakens, more than that, the ancient mystical tradition, according to which man brings in his soul the image of God, according to which he was created, and has to develop it in himself. ” (Page 50), this does not depend on religiosity, it means interiority.
He also takes up concepts from Hegel, who used the concept of formation, in this way “it was precisely this that, following Hegel, we emphasized as a universal characteristic of formation, to remain open to the different, to other more universal points of view . “(Pages 50-58).
That is why we have written from the beginning of this blog: “the in-form”, the word information has this meaning and this can also be found in the literature of so-called “Information Sciences”, clarifies using Vico’s concept of “common sense” , Which is very common:
“… not only that universal capacity that exists in all men, but, at the same time, the sense that establishes community. It is a sense for justice and for the common good … it seems to have a virtue of social intercourse, but there is, in fact, a moral foundation, even a metaphysical one. “(Pages 70-76).
Gadamer will define this starting from the ideas of common sense and formation.
GADAMER, H.G. Truth and Method, London,New York: Continuum, 1975. (pages in Brazilian Edition).
Truth & Method and Inductive Logic
17
Jan
As we have already explained, the revised sketch of The Problem of Historical Consciousness 
after the writing of Truth and Method, the maximal work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, is a good introduction to this work which clarifies many questions of contemporary philosophy: its problem which is clear Among others is its relation to social change, the question of method and especially what is true, but will have no less important minor points, such as dialogue.
Taking up the humanist tradition, he will re-read St. Thomas, St. Augustine and Vico, and clarifies the main problem of the philosophy of our time: “it differs from the classical tradition of philosophy because it does not represent an immediate and uninterrupted continuation of the latter.” Gadamer, 1997, p.35).
He criticizes the instrumentalisation of philosophical thought in the West that made him: whose relations with concepts became “a strange disengagement, whether their relations with these concepts are of the sort of erudite, not to say archaizing, or of the sort of technical manipulation , Which makes of concepts something like tools “(p.36).
He will critique what is called as the sciences of the spirit and will place as transcendent within an aesthetic dimension, denying the context of the logic of Stuart Mill, who claims to have a more correct formulation in the Treatise of Human Nature, and all the misconception of this concept.
He quotes the author J.G.Droysen, a scholar of the history of Hellenism, as an important attempt to give a new sense to history: “that the sciences of spirit should be founded in the same way as an independent group of sciences.” (Page 43).
He points to Stuart Mill’s induction logic, and even criticizes Scherer and Dilthey in stating that even these: “it remains the model of the natural sciences that guides the scientific self-conception of both” (page 44), it is easy to observe the consequences of A model that proposes to be critical of the romantic model, but ends up returning to its own core.
He asserts that even Dilthey came to the conclusion that Helmhotz made, that there is no method for the sciences of the spirit, and that method here: “If the other conditions, under which the sciences of the spirit are, Their way of working, perhaps much more important than inductive logic. “(Page 45)
We can not deny it, after all, Hegel wrote the Phenomenology of the Spirit, and even his critics sought a method to adjust it to historical consciousness, he clarified that the answer they gave “to this question is not enough … follow Kant, for being guided by the concept Of science and of knowledge according to the model of the natural sciences and to seek the striking singularity of the sciences of the spirit in the artistic moment (artistic feeling, artistic induction) “(page 45)
GADAMER, H.G. Truth and Method, London,New York: Continuum, 1975. (pages in Brazilian Edition).
Hermeneutics and the end of idealism
16
Jan
It was Husserl who made the human sciences out of the Neo-Kantian slumber, 
as described by Gadamer in speaking of what he called “hermeneutics of facticity”: “his analyzes of the” world of life “(Lebenswelt) and the anonymous constitution of all meaning and meaning Which form the soil and texture of experience, have definitively shown that the concept of objectivity represented by the sciences was only a particular case “(Gadamer, p.39).
However Husserl was still attached to a subjective metaphysics of the phenomenon, such as Hegel would define as the Phenomenology of the Spirit, and then the old opposition between nature and spirit is reviewed, a fact almost unnoticed and emphasized by Gadamer: “the Human sciences and Nature must be understood from the intentionality of universal life “(ibid.).
Thus, with the resumption of the question of being, Husserl’s discoveries, when deepened by Heidegger, gave a sense of the most radical phenomenology: in realizing: that it is not necessary to separate, on the level of knowledge, the being of the nature of the historical being ” As Dilthey did … on the contrary, the mode of knowledge proper to the natural sciences is a kind of derivative of understanding, as Heidegger says in Sein und Zeit, ‘applies to the legitimate task of apprehending things [the Vorbandene, the entity ´Subsistent ‘] in its essential incomprehensibility “(Gadamer, pp. 39-40).
Heidegger’s knowledge assumes an ontological status, said in a seemingly complicated way, but is not, unlike [ideal knowledge]: “Understanding is the original form of realization of being-there human while being-in-the-world.” (Page 40).
Here the differentiation of practical interest and theoretical interest, understanding is the way of being-there that constitutes it as “know-being” (savoir-être) and “possibility” (idem).
Gadamer himself explains that for traditional hermeneutics, the Heideggerian theses seem provocative, because it explains, the verb Versteben (to understand in German) has two meanings: to understand the meaning of something, and to be understood in something.
While understanding (versteben) can mean that we understand something like going to the moon or the operation of an equipment, already the know-how, has the sense of ability, and this means to perform a practical task, only there being differentiation of theory and practice in the plane Of training rather than at the theoretical level. In the textual saying of Gadamer: “He [Heidegger] seems to be essentially distinguished from the understanding that one obtains in scientific knowledge” (page 41).
Although we are in the middle of the text, it can be said that it is a conclusion: “if they finally reduce to the common knot of a ‘I know how to occupy’ that is, an understanding of itself in relation to something” (p. 41), in italics in the original
Hans-Georg Gadamer, “The Problem of Historical Consciousness,” in “H.-G. Gadamer,” special issue, Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 5:1, 1975, page number is brazilian edition.
The Golden Globe 2017
05
Jan
We left some of Sloterdijk’s I Spheres to talk about the Golden Globe, the
Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) award to be held on January 8.
The Golden Globe precedes the Oscar and often avoids surprises, a major award this year, according to Globo’s website, is the critically acclaimed musical “La la land: Singing Seasons,” which rescues the genre that made history in Hollywood, (Carrie Fisher), his mother Debbie Reynolds, a day after, who made the historic Sing in the Rain.
La la land as best comedy or musical film, also contends best director (Damien Chazelle), best actor in comedy or musical (Ryan Gosling) and best actress of comedy or musical (Emma Stone), as well as direction and original script (Damien Chazelle), song and soundtrack.
It will compete with the “traditional” film, the social networking film “Deadpool,” with other nominations also for best actor in comedy or musical with Ryan Reynolds.
With many indications also appear the dramas “Moonlight” with six nominations, and “Manchester seafront” with five.
Best director, along with Damien Chazelle (“Land Wing”), Tom Ford (“Night Animals”), Mel Gibson (“Till the Last Man”), Barry Jenkins (“Moonlight”) and Kenneth Lonergan -sea”).
Best Movies: “Up to the Last Man”, “At Any Cost”, “Lion”, “Manchester by the Sea” and “Moonlight”.
Meryl Streep, who is the best actress in comedy or musical for her participation in “Florence: Who’s That Woman?”, Will receive a prize for the work as a whole.
Among the best animations: “Moana”, “Ma vie de courgette”, “Kubo and the magic strings”, “Sing” and “Zootopia”, I missed the “Trolls” hopefully it will appear on the oscar list.
There are many other indications, with the little remembered, but interesting (I only saw the trailer, but the story strikes me as genius) “Fences”, which appears in the list of best supporting actress Viola Davis and best actor in drama Denzel Washington The director), should appear at least as best director and best film.
There is no indication for Star Wars and some pointers for “The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story” as the best actor for John Travolta, a bit forced.
Immunological spaces e the Creation
04
Jan
Sloterdijk from page 29 to 51 will give a detailed account of his interpretation of the biblical Genesis until the sixth day of creation, beginning with a situation of St. Augustine, which curiously
gives him the definition of immunology:
They are not vessels full of you that make you
Firm and stable; Because, if they break, nor for
This you will shed, and even when you shed
Upon us you do not remain on the ground, but gather us together.
Op. Cit. St. Augustine, Confessions, I, iii
It will pass on page 31 by the equally important passage which is “an event which, in the account of Genesis, appears in two versions: one in the final act of the work of the six days, which does not, however, mention the scene of the insufflation, and again as First act of all subsequent creation, only now expressly emphasizing creation through the breath and with the characteristic distinction between the modeling of clay in the first step and the blow in the second. “(Sloterdijk, 2016, p. 32)
And after citing again the biblical text of genesis: “… breathed into his nostrils a breath of life and man became a living” (page 33) gives his Adamic vision: “Adam would remain a curious clay artifact; It would be no more than an arbitrary installation on the unprotected land “(idem).
After long passages with curious biblical interpretations, such as the one that speaks on page 50 of vocation, with an inspiration, a term that is equally important in the text, which states that: “animated or sorrowed by memories and regressions misgteriosas, they keep under their care Submerged images of a protohistorical inspirational community, that of the double soul on the sixth day of Creation. ”
He inaugurates a new part of the introduction that will define his “spherology”: “every history is the history of animated relations”.
One of the most inspiring images of this excerpt is the life-size clay figures in the tomb of China’s first emperor Quin (259-210 BC), but I took another Picture.
Is Star Wars worth seeing?
19
Dec
Rogue One: A Star Wars story, the newest movie in the series is making its debut
on Brazilian screens, the story is pretty simple: the Alliance is formed to try to steal the plans of the Death Star and bring new hope to the galaxy, right here On Earth we need it.
I went to see, had the first expectation that it is not an isolated episode, Princess Leia that holographic broadcast reappears, the already anticipated participation in the Darth Vader trailer, but there are new characters like the Imperial robot K-2SO: a reprogrammed cyborg that speaks everything that comes to his mind, reminds one of the world of politics?
There is also Jyn Erso (Felicity Jones) who grew up under the care of the rebel and daughter of the death star’s chief engineer, alongside Cassian (Diego Luna) an Alliance spy, Chirrut (Donnie Yen), a blind warrior who believes In the Force with a religious fervor (impresses even though not a Jedi), Baze (Wen Jiang), protector and partner of Chirrut, and Bodhi (Riz Ahmed), a former pilot of the Empire.
I was watching the 3D version, the special effects really are worth it, Roque One has more action for fans of the genre, Wars actually for now was not exactly war, having more “terrestrial” approaches, being more daring and technically better done.
If this was not clear in previous films, the film “more terrestrial” is because there are scenes that reminds of D-Day, the invasion of soldiers on European beaches (of course in the space film), and also some scenes reimply to the conflicts of the East Medium, well to the global war standard of the American warmonger vision.
Perhaps this praise is also a criticism, but only for those who do not imagine that it has always been behind this series and other American warmongering, but ideology aside, the film is worth, as promised the best of the series.
Are you going to have Oscar? After Mad Max last year, this until it deserves more.
Technology and larvae
23
Nov
We are reading topic 3 of Chapter I: Technology and the Larvae, from Peter Kreeft’s 
book: The Best Things in Life, and .the questioning is what is in fact the product of technologies.
Socrates will question what is “serious science” that was how the biotechnologist Marigold refers to his valued work, Socrates says that Science comes from “scio” which means “I know”, as techn of “know how to do”, and says Which is a kind of magic, and it was in the medical age that magic and science were born, we are on page 48 in brazilian edition.
When they return to the question of age they penetrate the heart of the book, what would be the best answer to an even more important question, the question of summum bonum, the supreme good..
Remember that the previous dialogue had ended with the idea if a good winemaker could offer wine to an alcoholic, Peter Pragma returns the conversation because now he wants to know what he wanted to know what good life is, and now he begins to understand that he must know what it is the good.
MARIGOLD: … What is more important than the conquest of nature? And besides, there were not thousands of different answers, different religions and philosophies, myths, creeds, codes and cults?
SOCRATES: Yes, but they all had one common motive, which was the opposite of their technology.
MARIGOLD: One reason? And why is not something obvious then? Do not understand. SOCRATES: Perhaps because it is too obvious to be perceived by eyes full of maggots.
MARIGOLD: Enough! What is?
SOCRATES: They all agreed that the most important thing in life was to somehow conform the human soul to objective reality. His philosophy of “conquest of nature” believes that the most important thing is to conform objective reality to the desires of the human soul.
Marigold will say that this is progress, then go through the discussion of the existent gods, Socrates will argue if there is a common principle in beliefs, from there go to the discussion about what is the higher profession, which would seek the superhuman and come back the idea Whether it is possible to dominate nature or conform it to man. Finally they return to the question of practice, Marigold will say that philosophy does not kill hunger, to which Socrates argues that it is still not a supreme good, and which would be the higher good.
PETER: That’s the first question, is not it, Socrates? If there are no gods, then technology is superior, for there is nothing to conform to, and we must make nature conform to us. What else should be done?
