Arquivo para a ‘Museology’ Categoria
A large iceberg separates from Antarctica
24
Jul
One of the top ten came from Antarctica, the icy continent of the South Pole, 
to the point where this continent could change its geography by losing one end, said Adrian Luckman, a professor at the University of Swansea and principal investigator of the Midas Project, which monitors his platform since 2014.
According Luckman “the iceberg is one of the largest recorded and its future progress is difficult to predict,” and added that this ice island, “may continue to be assembled in a single piece, but is more likely to separate into fragments.
Some of the ice can continue in the area for decades and parts of the iceberg can float north and into warmer watert“the iceberg weighs more than one trillion tons, and measures 5,800 square kilometers (an area that is, for example, four times bigger than the city of São Paulo or equivalent to the Brazilian Federal District), has been released from the ice shelf Larsen C of Antarctica, between On 10 and 12 July 2017, according to researchers from Universities of Swansea and Aberystwyth, Wales, and the British Antartic Research Institute (BAS).
The Midas project website does not state that Whether due to global warming, this “scientific” proof is a bit more complex.
The event, although something similar happened in 2013, makes unquestionable global warming and the consequences that can be devastating over the years if we continue in climatic imbalances, such as the fires recorded in Europe and cold in southern Latin America, As we did last week.
It is good to remember that the Trump administration unilaterally broke the climate agreements, and despite all pressure, especially the European, remains reluctant against the evidence that we must make the planet sustainable, and that we can move towards a huge climatic catastrophe with consequences In the life of the whole planet.h.
The Roman Republic
20
Jul
The Romans initially believed that the king’s origin was divine and established 
the Monarchy, but later in 509 BC, they overthrown the Etruscan king Tarquinius the Great and founded the Roman Republic by establishing two magistrates as a government.
At the beginning of the Republic, Roman society was divided into four classes: Patricians, Clients, Plebeians and Slaves, generally peoples who were defeated in wars.
Among these wars, it stands out more than 100 years against Carthage, the Punic Wars and then wars in the Iberian Peninsula (conquest that took more than 200 years), Gaul and the Eastern Mediterranean.
The occupied territories were transformed into provinces, they were forced to pay taxes to the government of Rome and gradually, the Roman army became an unbeatable group.
Its military organization was formed by three types of people:
– Citizens of Rome, territories, colonies and Latin tribes who also had Roman citizenship
– Communities whose members did not have full Roman citizenship (could not vote or be voted on)
– Autonomous allies (they made treaties of alliance with Rome).
The army built roads throughout the Italian peninsula also contributed to explain the Roman conquests, were experts in mounting fortifications.
Military discipline was severe and punishment consisted of beatings and beheadings. The winning soldiers received awards and honors and the general was honored, while the losers were beheaded in prisons.
Successive victories provoked great social, economic and political changes in Rome, but already in the fourth century AD, there were signs of decay.
Fantasy and an expected philosophy
04
Jul
Eric Bronson wrote the book “The Hobbit and Philosophy: For When You’ve Lost Your 
Dwarves, Your Wizard, and Your Way”, to do when you lost your dwarves, your wizard and your way. In our view philosophical speculation, as a pure fantasy commercial book, can touch issues of human thought including: Confucius, Plato and Aristotle for Immanuel Kant, William Blake, and contemporary American philosopher Thomas Nagel.
Even considering there are philosophical aspects, it is an expected philosophy, that is, to work on already known questions that touch us how mercy is possible for a terrible and cruel criminal, what are the exciting events that can change our lives, even though it is nothing Like the one anticipated in the society of the spectacle, of Guy Debord of the 60s.
I fixed my thinking on Thomas Nagel, because William Blacke agreed to be marked by the Enlightenment and the English Industrial Revolution, is too deep for the author of Lord of the Rings, the South African Tolkien.
But Thomas Nabel, more contemporary can be traced within some expected philosophy of the Tolkien commercial, the professor of philosophy and law at New York University, who turns 80 today, has traces of idealistic fantasy with his Preferred dual problem: “consciousness is what makes the mind / body relationship an insoluble problem,” is what makes every idealistic fantasy perfect, though absent from reality.
It is what some authors call an honest atheist, in his work “The Last Word,” in a chapter titled “Evolutionary Naturalism and the Fear of Religion,” Nagel makes a sincere admission of his thinking: “It is not just that I do not believe In God and, of course, expect me to be right in my belief. I hope God does not exist! “, It is written on pages 130-131 of this work.
Eric Bronson traces this trait in Nagel, to say that confused fables that have nothing of a Scandinavian cosmogony, as some Tolkien characters seem to point out, is really nothing more than reactions to Western religiosity, without penetrating into native cultures.
If barbarian cosmogonies, few know, but York is relative to a Viking God Jorvik, they were the medieval inhabitants of the English city, and there is a museum there called Jorvik Viking Center (see photo above a representation of a Viking in the museum), with the Reconstruction of the original York, but Tolkien knows nothing about it.
There is no novelty, as a rule, pure conservatism, idealism adapted to a certain dose of atheism
Neither objectivity nor subjectivity just beauty
27
Jun
The fact that the contemporary world finds no space for silence, for listening and 
especially for contemplation, the mere fact of admitting that there is the beautiful even without any belief, is the fact that we cling to the tensions between subject and object, now Projected on the object, sometimes projected on the subject, but without the “world of objects” is an abstract.
Among the three most beautiful phrases about art encounter: “Art says the unspeakable; Expresses the inexpressible, translates the untranslatable “of Leonardo da Vinci, but on the beautiful expression of art I find the phrases between the ones I most appreciate and perhaps the most quoted, of Victor Hugo:” the beautiful is so useful with the useful, Sometimes even more “and Dostoevsky:” beauty will save the world ”
The fact is that art is always expressing what everyone sees according to necessity and utility: the new, the beautiful and the unprecedented, following the line of da Vinci, and following the line of Victor Hugo the useful of the seemingly useless, Marcel Duchamp, by placing a urinal on his head and calling it “The Fountain” (1917), revealed the double face of utility, or perhaps the uselessness of what we call useful, then it can be said that art is paradoxical.
The modern utilitarian philosophy will say that the beautiful is the concept related to certain characteristics visible in the objects (or beings), nothing differs from the concept of property and the aesthetics would be only and exclusively the character of the object.
Schopenhauer criticizes Kant in saying that he does not correctly establish the content of the a priori “common frontier” of subject and object, for in the first place he does not recognize the “first, principal and most universal” form of representation, namely, that of being Object for a subject (of the Objekt-für-ein-Subjekt-Sein) before talking about the beautiful.
According to him when we preach something beautiful (schön), we say, in objective terms, that in him we know “not the particular thing, but the Idea”. However, since any particular thing is the objectification of an idea, at first it can be known in everything, as the philosopher concludes: “Everything is beautiful”, but for him everything is a part of the Will and not of Being.
The work The origin of the work of art, fruit of three lectures given by Heidegger in 1939, but the book was only published in 1950, with translations into the Portuguese of the 70s, will develop according to three aspects: the thing, the truth and The art-poetry.
For truth he takes up poetry or “alethéia,” a phenomenon from which being (of men and things) comes to the fore and gains meaning, already the expensive concept thing to his master Edmund Husserl, to return to itself and do it with Poetry, not as a literary genre, but Poetry is rather the movement from which things arise, it is the movement of production from where it happens to the unveiling of the being making it gain body and meaning, art is then unveiling, happening Or a new “appear” of the thing happens.
Exemplifying: A stone before being an art, it will be the thing-stone transformed into thing-art through the “artifice” of the artist and is the soul of this one who, only going beyond the limits of his body, gives life to the stone and transforms it into art, In this stone is then ontological.
Rodin’s phrase: “I choose a block and I take everything I do not need from it”, or from Michelangelo to the statue of Moses: “Why not talk?”.
Lost or new homo sapiens?
12
Jun
In a paper published in Nature on June 7, a new skeleton of a humanid, the fact of being
a homo sapiens is controversial, suggests that a race of humanoids lived in North Africa, where it is Morocco, for more than 315 thousand years ago.
This changes the earlier conception dating from about claimed the emergence about 100 thousand years ago, measurements were made by laser equipment at various institutes in Europe, including Germany, where the study at the Max Planck Institute originated.
Jean-Jacques Hublin, author of the Nature paper and managing director of the Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, explained: “Until now, the common knowledge was that our species probably arose, rather quickly, somewhere in the ‘Garden of Eden’. Probably in sub-Saharan Africa, “but now he added:” I would say that the Garden of Eden in Africa is probably Africa – and it is a large, large garden, “indicating a more extensive area for the emergence of man.
Hublin visited the Jebel Irhoud archaeological site for the first time in the 1990s, but had no time or money to dig up until 2004, having joined the Max Planck Society Society, rented a tractor to remove about 200 cubic meters of rock Which blocked access to the deeper part of the site.
Initially, one led by archaeological scientist Daniel Richter and archaeologist Shannon McPherron, also at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, dated the site and all human remains found between 280,000 and 350,000 years using two different methods, but then other countries also made measurements Using methods with laser use and the approximate date is 315 thousand years.
Hublin says his team tried and failed to get DNA from the bones of Jebel Irhoud.
This genomic analysis could have clearly established if the remains live in the lineage that leads to modern humans, but everything indicates that it may be a link more than humanoids clearly identified with the human race, and may be the missing link between us and the early primates.
The will to Power
25
May
Power is the logic for many peoples, happiness no. 
Power Will or Power (“Der Wille zur Macht”) is a concept of Nietzsche’s philosophy that is used as the basis in the construction of all his thought, for he is in everything in life, not only in organic life, Ranging from chemical reactions to the human psyche.
Teilhard Chardin gave another name that was the idea of vitalization, that is to say, the life more and more complex, and the man is the maximum of the complexification of the life, occurs by a process of cerebralización, and that means that we are in “evolution”, but not necessarily in power.
Thomas Aquinas, spoke of act and power and potency and what “virtually” is contained in the act, for example, we planted a seed and it is virtually a tree. Our contemporary problem, reflected in every Western civilization in particular, but on the whole planet, is whether our present process of empowerment in the sense of development is corresponding to a general happiness, that is, are we happy?
Certainly all humanity would say no, one of the contemporary diseases was stress, it became the panic syndrome, and depression gives signs of growth as frightening as other physical illnesses such as cancer and AIDS.
But Nietszche’s hypothesis contrasts with modern quantum physics, since his first assumption is that the total force that exists in the universe is determined, not infinite, while astrophysics is confronted with an expanding universe with forces not yet measured due to black holes.
But from Nietzsche’s theory it is reduced that the number of situations, and the combinations of these forces are measurable, that is, also determinate and finite, as is supposed in the Laplacian universe, and it is not the same universe as Einstein and Heisenberg.
In Nietzsche’s terminology the Will to Power is an original law, without exception or transgression.
Thus in the philosopher’s words the Will to Power is not something created, or depends on special conditions, as in religion or previous theories, but it comes from the very reality of things, so it is necessary, as presupposes Husserl’s phenomenology to Things themselves, to determine what they really.
NIETZSCHE, Friedrich. The will to power. Tradutor to Walter Kaufmann e R. I. Hollingdale. Nova York: Vintage Books. , 1968.
(Português) Imaginário e mitologia
19
Apr
Imaginary and Mythology Outside of Christianity and, to some extent, Islam,
mythologies are reborn and a new and powerful literature that awakens, especially in the young, something fantastic, so it is called fantastic literature. Fantastic literature is a genre in which fictional narratives are centered on elements not existing or not “recognized” in reality at the time the work was written.
This is because one cannot think of Macunaíma, without thinking of the Brazilian regional symbols in Naruto, without thinking about Japanese society, nor think of Lord of the Rings without thinking of elves, elves and other figures of Celtic and Norse literature, although it was Written by JRR Tolkien, which although it is seen as English was born in South Africa.
Thinking of Macunaíma (writted by , where we can draw aspects of the recent contemporary culture of Brazil, I think of the definitions or uncertainties given by Todorov: “The fantastic occupies the time of this uncertainty. Once one of the two answers is chosen, the terrain of the fantastic is left to enter into a neighboring genre: the strange or the wonderful. The fantastic is the hesitation experienced by a being who knows no more than natural laws, in the face of an apparently supernatural event. (Todorov 1980: pp. 15-16).
Either we go to the categories of illusion or the being actually exists, as Todorov asks. Todorov affirming that he will only give a definition at the end and does so after analyzing some of his major works such as The Passionate Devil of Cazotte, Jan Potocki’s Manuscript of Saragossa and the singular example of Aurelia de Nerval, but at the same time he anticipates a first definition: “The concept of fantastic is therefore defined in relation to the real and imaginary, and the latter deserve something more than a mere mention” (Todorov 1980: pp. 16).
What is not to be confused is this literature with the Christian fables of the “Chronicles of Narnia”, which was written by the Irish author CS Lewis, written in the 1950s, and in the case of national literature we could cite The Lady Compassion of Ariano Suassuna, chose first edition is from 1956.
The limits between mythology and the imaginary are clear, it is possible in the second case to establish a sociological analysis in which are found real social elements to which the imaginary characters.
TODOROV, Tzvetan. Introdução à literatura fantástica, Espanha: PREMIA (version digital translate to portuguese) 1980.
The not so natural man
29
Mar
Modern philosophy, from Hobbes to Hegel, then the crisis settles, failed to define what 
would indeed be natural, and we ask the natural is the man at war? Or in peace? If we can put aside what is in fact natural and nature.
Let us begin with Hobbes, “If there were no corruption and vice of degenerate men, there would be no need for other laws, nor the need to form separate societies based on positive contracts instead of a great and natural community.” (Locke, 1978, p. 5), seems current and it is because the state idealized by Hobbes and deified by Hegel is what was implanted.
For Hobbes the State of Nature is the State of War itself against all, in fact of the state against the citizen, but this is not clear, he emphasizes that before the threat of violent death, life is characterized as: “sordid , Poor, brutish and short, “in the terms he expounded in chapter XIII of Leviathan, his principal work.
War is then a permanent sensation of fear that implies the constant preoccupation with self-protection, very current, and is of 1651 (in the photo the original cover).
John Locke goes on to establish as one of the great precursors of liberalism that men are equal and free, and that within the limits of the law of nature can decide, in a contract established with others, what actions can be practiced in the relationship with The others, it can be said that he is not in a state of war, but he must establish rules so that the “natural” limits are respected.
Since man cannot destroy the gifts of nature, he must, for the sake of his “unlimited” freedom, justify his attitude toward preserving humanity, said in his pamphlet Two Treatises on Government (II, § 6).
“Each one is obliged to preserve himself, and not to abandon his position of his own accord; For the same reason, when their own preservation is not at stake, each should, as far as he can, preserve the rest of mankind, and can not, unless it is to do ju-stice to an offender, to take away or harm life Or what favors the preservation of the life, liberty, integrity or assets of others.” (LOCKE, 1998, p.385).
Finally comes Jean Jacques Rousseau who defends the “good savage”, that is, man is good by nature society corrupts him, said this way:
“Men in this state [of nature], having no kind of moral relation or known duties to each other, could neither be good nor bad, and had neither vices nor virtues. Let us not, above all, conclude with Hobbes that, having no idea of goodness, man is naturally evil; … “(ROUSSEAU, 1978, p.158).
Later this will become modern idolatry of the state in Hegel, but it is necessary to return to this “ideal” state from Kant to make a course of thought.
(pages in brazilian edition)
HOBBES, T. Leviathan, Collection Os pensadores, São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978. LOCKE, John. Two agreements about the government. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1998. ROUSEAU, J.J. Discourse on the origin and foundations of inequality among men, Collection Os Pensadores, São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978.
Art that reeducates the look
22
Mar
Whenever we look at certain scenes and public places we see something beyond
the real, it is our imaginations that recall our memory and our fantasy about that place, it was easier to do this in the old days because there was a little poetry and art in the air, and now?
Well the digital world, demonized by some and still misunderstood by many analysts, everything takes a time of maturation, already has several facilities and news.
This is the case of the artist and photographer Gerson Turelly, whose design 
and 
digital manipulation were made in Israel, but most of the sights with virtual
imagination are from Brazil.
His project has the name of “Looks New” and as he says the goal is “to create a playful connection with the baggage of memories of each individual in relation to the spaces and sights of his city.”
You can follow the creative work on the artist’s website, where you will get more information about this project, such as the process you use in composing your creations.
It is in my opinion a reinvention of works that we already know as the “chubby” of Salvador, works by the plastic artist Eliana Kértsz, where the variations are arms, legs, cheeks full of curves and volume.
Also called the “Cow Parade”, or “cow parade”, which ran the world, but in each city allowed its visual communication with the space, for example in several tourist points of Belém the cows made of fiberglass that were Customized by selected regional artists, and had Fafá de Belém (she is brazilian singer) as godmother.
The interactive and participative enter into the imaginary of contemporary art, and it is Art.
