Arquivo para a ‘Social Network’ Categoria
Serenity and a sonata to Kreutzer
27
Nov
Serenity was the theme of a speech by Heidegger on the occasion of 175 years since the
birth of composer Conradin Kreutzer in Messkirch on 30 October 1955, but the same Kreutzer was worthy of a novel entitled Sonata a Kreutzer by Leon Tolstoy, which tells the dialogue about marriage on a train trip, in a position that is almost antagonistic because there is a climate of suspense between both that causes intrigue and pessimism.
Heidegger’s thinking will be demarcated by two of his writings: Serenity, 1955, and another from a conversation about thinking that took place on a country road, 1945, where Heidegger chronicles a long dialogue between three characters, the Researcher , the Scholar and the Teacher, on the question of thinking.
The starting point about thought can be What is metaphysics? Written in 1929, where Heidegger says: “it is by no means the most accurate thought,” precisely because it is attached to the ultimate goal of calculation, which ” reduces all countable to enumerated, for use in the next enumeration. The calculation admits nothing but the enumerable, “this comes against the neologism of the Vienna Circle, and algorithms.
What causes in thought this logic is the pretense of all encompassing and submitting, calculating thinking “can not suspect that all calculable calculus is already, and before its sums and products, in a whole whose unity undoubtedly belongs to the incalculable one that is subtracted from itself and its strangeness from the clutches of calculation “(Heidegger, 1943, 248).
There are, therefore, two types of thought, both being in their own way, respectively, legitimate and necessary: the thinking that calculates and the reflection (of the Nachdenken) that meditates. […] a thought that meditates arises as spontaneously as the thinking it calculates. Thought that meditates sometimes requires a lot of effort. It requires a long workout. It lacks care even more delicate than any other real craft. However, like the farmer, he must also know how to wait for the seed to rise and mature. “(Heidegger, 1955, pp. 13-14).
What Heidegger is going to explain in this work is that the relation between thought and will, in conflict and from where Nietzsche part to his reflections, is not evoked according to tradition, the representational thought that already has in itself one of the forms of the will.
According to Heidegger, the form of liberation of thought, which enables form (we would say thought) in the approximation of things, there is a non-objectifying, non-appropriatory approximation marked first of all by a “awake to serenity” .
It may seem, but it is not passivity, for the act which lies at the core of serenity is of a higher order than that of the usual human machinations which sends action, it does not necessarily imply activity as it is commonly understood.
For the thinker this elevated form, which although the day is not associated with meditation and contemplation, is mistakenly associated with a weakness of want, serenity, since it would be fundamental to restrain itself as a path of meditative thought is presented by Heidegger as the highest form of human action, so necessary these days.
Serenity is rather a restraint to mere impulse, anxiety and compulsory action.
HEIDEGGER, Martin. Serenidade. Tradução de Maria Madalena Andrade e Olga Santos. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget, 1955.
HEIDEGGER, Martin. Que é metafísica? In: Os Pensadores. Tradução de Ernildo Stein. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1973.
Pause time: can we
26
Nov
There is still a remnant of November and December already appearing on the horizon,
everyone is waiting for something we should always do: pause, wait and meet with friends and family, the question is: do we succeed?
Looking at the world, the dark signs continue, bigger than liquids, because if something were really changed from the solid to the liquid, it would even be desirable because something is moving, but it seems like the sameness, everything is going to look the same.
The protests against Macron and his taxes, is not so different from Portugal or Brazil, the state is huge and weighs on society, who will pay the bills, and the retirees will be the ones who will pay the bill? uncertainties and a single thing really clear: crisis of time.
There are signs of a revival, a word used by the philosopher Martha Nussbaum, I would say yes, but just where the heaviest criticism falls: the globalized world, the internet and the “solid” state that is taking a darker, dangers right.
I participated in a 100 year event of Priest Manuel Antunes, this transdisciplinary man, was the theme of a lecture written with a friend in his work Repensar Portugal, said that it was necessary to seek in politics, the “temperate zones” where human nature is more comfortable, but the 2018 sample is from more radicalized regions, in the bad sense of the term.
It is necessary to pause, even when forced and in discomfort, to look at the future so that it is possible to have hope, peace and a closer approach of the peoples, the national radicalism is perverse, Europe sews a possible agreement for the exit of England from the block , the so-called Brexit.
The US ends the end of the year with the dreamed Trump Wall, and Mexicans pushing across the wall, proving that it was not a solution but the announcement of a crisis.
New governments to the right in Brazil and Colombia, the left in Mexico wins after many years of a party monopolizing power, while Nicaragua and Venezuela parade catastrophic left-wing governments, Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay are in temperate zones.
Thinking about a more integrated world, climate issue and income distribution has become more difficult, what can be expected is a vigorous reaction of human thought, man has always been able to face the challenges that have appeared, perhaps the retreat is a resumption
Post-truth incompleteness
19
Nov
Before we know what post-truth is, we must know if there is any definition of truth, and this
leads us back to the beginnings of Western civilization, where it was known that the truth was hidden, that is, either for Aristotle or Plato, the At the apex of Greek culture of antiquity, truth was hidden, that is, an aletheia was necessary, a Greek term not to be concealed, manifest, or even more (negation) lethõ (forget), therefore there is only truth about a fact occurred.
For Greek philosophy it was clear that “doxa” or opinion was contrary to episteme, or systematized and organized knowledge, but every episteme implies a method, that is, it comes from that epistemology, or the way to organize and prove certain knowledge.
The issue arose in the context of current politics because some politicians, avoiding names to avoid the doxological polarization (of opinions) started to deny facts, that is, what was registered and proven, and even denied, but this did not it’s new.
Already in her 1967 essay “Truth and Politics,” Hannah Arendt stated that fact-based truth could be substantiated and verified, but politicians insisted on turning back and making speeches based on opinions, so it is not new, and seeing with the media is something else, the monopoly of opinion and that almost always is not based on data.
The fact that there are social network media, networks and groups have always existed only that they were hegemon owners of newspapers and magazines, and now they are not, it starts to have an open confrontation of opinions, that turn into organized twisted, with emotional appeals and doxological.
It is not by chance that populist politicians, who all bordered on or were avowedly fascists, were great orators and capable of provoking fascination in the masses, the fascination today is another, the ability to articulate facts and use images or data that simulate false epistemes.
Brazil was the cases of mensalão, petroleum and other ill-informed people that generated a body of half-truths that inflamed and reached a large part of public opinion, another was little consideration of the cultural and moral values of society, whether religious, whether it be black culture, indigenous culture, or Brazilian regionalities, there were many untruths.
It is so difficult to understand sometimes, that even trying to clarify the facts we are confused, for example, in Portugal there is now a famous case (here) of Tancos, a barracks where a gun truck was stolem the weapons of war, and I needed a Portuguese friend to understand, there is half-truths everywhere and lots of tall people seem involved, and the guns were returned with even an extra box of arms, appear a jokie but ist real fact.
As part of the truth of the facts, there are currents of “opinions” where the term may be inappropriate, currents of divergent or even opposing cultures would be better, without the broad dialogue required the tendency is for cheerleaders to grow and increase number of conflicts, where intolerance prevails the risk of serious conflicts is eminent.
We separate here “opinion” of epistemological, cultural or methodological divergence, since different ways to obtain the truth must be thought apart from the passions, otherwise the possibility of concrete ways to overcome crises are blocked and reason disappears.
The Religion Between Fundamentalism and Pharisaism
10
Nov
It is understandable that many people gain a certain distrust of religion, unfortunately
because of what is practiced as such, it should be religare or re-link itself, not always is.
The logic of Being or onto-logical is linked to that which is, and that which is always is connected to existence, thus to reconnect should be to connect (link) life to what is favorable, although it is also part of life setbacks , losses and tribulations, but could be minor.
Fundamentalism is the interpretation of what a faith proclaims to the letter, without understanding complex aspects of context, conjunctural, social and cultural, I open a family to say that also ideologies can approach these aspects.
The Greeks said that this was the distance between the episteme, a set of knowledge built on a particular subject, which is different and often opposed to “doxa”, the opinion which is only a common personal interpretation, without the necessary foundation.
This problem can be solved with a good hermeneutics, ie dialogue in search of overcoming preconceptions, while the second is more dangerous pharisaicism, one can in the name of what is good and just, be practicing just the opposite, is the subversion of values.
In general it is associated with the search for power, fame and money, or simply to win a dispute, it will never have a hermeneutics and it is out of control many times.
But it is easier to identify it than the “doxa”; one can perceive by the attitudes and often by the word itself the distance between what is said and spoken, speaks of peace and makes war, speaks of the poor and does not He watches them, speaks of God but only to be admired.
In religious terms they are easy to find, the evangelist Mark (Mark 12: 38-19) shows Jesus’ concern: “Beware of the doctors of the Law! They like to walk in bright clothes, to be greeted in the public squares; they love the first seats in the synagogues and the best places at banquets, “but they do not see the Other, because deep down they are concerned only with themselve
Is it possible to rethink Brazil?
09
Nov
The political moment says no, but for those who think and can see these 
“temperate zones”, as Priest Antunes called it Rethinking Portugal, which is in the plural because there is “beyond political democracy, social democracy”, and the thinker affirms that “it was a mistake to think of the structures of general, atomized freedom,” says Priest Antunes to rethink Portugal.
Priest Antunes stated that “their formulators and apologists did not see – or saw it too well – that the” natural law “they advocated was, in fact, the right of the stronger, than the” invisible hand “that business would only increase the profits and profits of those already possessed, that the harmony, which they envisioned in the of the “natural laws” of the market of supply and demand, would in reality constitute a terrible disharmony if it were not corrected by the imperative of the common social welfare, that the freedom granted to all, in a great impetus of generosity, worked, in practice, only as the privilege of some “(Antunes, 2011).
For this reason, Priest Antunes explains: “For more than a century and a half, in order that” this freedom of heart could be translated into the effectiveness of the application, many struggles, harsh struggles were fought “, speaking of the struggles in Portugal.
“In the name of justice and equity, in the name of the history that was moving – or should be – in the sense of equality, in the name of the fraternity that we should all unite – especially the weakest and oppressed, the disinherited and those left on account: men, groups, classes and nations, “said Father Antunes about Portugal in the 1970s “To this day. It is today the combination of political democracy and social democracy that is the great concern of the most conscious and most critical, lucid and generous sector of all Humanity “(Antunes, 2011), but in Brazil the project has been postponed, and the moment which is still in wait, and seems delayed. What followed of the Carnation Revolution in Portugal was a moment of openness and lucidity, but with the entry into the European Community all this came to be shaken, with allegations of corruption in the José Sócrates government (2005-2009), and with the crisis financial crisis in 2010-2014, and named Troika intervention.
An European intervention that the Portuguese people called the Troika, composed of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the IMF, which managed the financial crisis with many protests by the Portuguese. What can Brazil do with its economic, political and moral crisis? Without the necessary dialogue and openness, financial interventionism will be a disaster, politically if it is repressive it will be hateful, and the social thing almost unthinkable. It is necessary to update discourses, interpretations and authors, almost all dated references of the beginning of the century, who ignore the new media and new thinkers.
What can Brazil do with its economic, political and moral crisis? Without the necessary dialogue and openness, financial interventionism will be a disaster, the politician if he is repressive will be hateful, and the social unthinkable.
Will there be channels for dialogue with society? Is the press free? it seems that Rethinking Brazil at this moment is almost impossible, but we cannot anticipate the facts even if they are easily presumed, it is a political error that can worsen the fragile stage of Brazilian democracy, we would create a pre-truth or a pre-fact.
Web Summit in Lisbon
08
Nov
One of the biggest events of the Web was this week, it was a side event, I could only 
follow videos and news, undoubtedly the biggest star was the founder of the Web Tim-Berners Lee who already has a great new project, although he has spoken between the lines.
He started an interview, which in fact he spoke at will without many questions saying the beginning of the Web and how his growth was also surprising for him, he told technical details like “I wrote the code of the first server and the code of the first browser, it was called WorldWideWeb.app “and was on info.cern.ch.
He then said that his concern is the same as everyone, after 25 years we should deal with: cyberbullying, misinformation, hate speech, privacy issues and said what many are talking about, “What the hell could go wrong?” to the public: “in the first 15 years … great things have happened. We had Wikipedia, the Khan Academy, blogs, we had cats, “he said jokingly, adding:” Connected Humanity should be more constructive, more peaceful, than Humanity disconnected”, but jnt (just not).
“Because we are almost at the point where half of the world will be online”, explained the British engineer was referring to the ’50 / 50′ moment, that is half the connected humanity expected in 50 years, but it should reach this point in May 2019.
After trying to argue the responsibilities of governments and companies, I believe they can happen but they will be slow, he spoke indirectly of his SOLID (Social Linked Data) project, stating that “as individuals we have to hold corporations and governments accountable for what is happening on the internet ” and “the idea is, from now on, everyone is responsible for making the Web a better place, “said encouraging start-ups too to get into this process.
Thinking about the development of interfaces where users know people from different cultures, but above all ensure the universality of the Web, according to Berners-Lee the main aspect should be (speaking indirectly again of SOLID) that the popular intervention at global level and that made the Web “just a platform, without attitude, that should be independent, can be used for any kind of information, any culture, any language, any hardware, software”, linked data may help this.
Tim Berners-Lee presented the #ForTheWeb movement on the same day that his World Wide Web Foundation released the report “The Case for the Web”, the event had a superaudience, more than 30 thousand people, there are several videos, but the Opening Ceremony is one of the most outstanding and has Tim-Berners Lee as well, see on vídeo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkzNZKCxM
Violence, power and change
07
Nov
The idea of ’violence’ in Arendt’s discourse has the sense of a means or instrument
of coercion that constitutes resources to the exclusive and sovereign service of a given authority (or entity), in the exercise of a given form of power, in the last instance State, or to whom it delegates power, but can be seen and developed also for daily life.
What was of interest to Hannah Arendt was to understand the mechanisms of violence in the sense of instrumentalising violence to serve certain political ends, and in the paradigmatic cases, whether the revolutionaries or the fascists, as always having a violent option.
The concept of revolution, according to Arendt, is not only related to change but, above all, to the foundation of liberties, and in this sense, it may make little sense when one has nuclear weapons, cyber wars or even targeted propaganda of hatred as violence.
Of course Hannah Arendt did not live to see the modern media, and could not assume a world where the fact could be manipulated in order to modify the truth, the so-called post-truth, but this paradigm already existed and was dealt with in Hans-Georg’s book Gadamer Truth and Method, both were contemporary and suffered strong influences from Heidegger.
It was of no interest to Arendt, any study of the nature or mechanisms that develop the instincts of aggression or the investigation into the possibility of such phenomena having an intrinsic origin to the subject itself or the hypothesis of being merely the result of a process of acculturation areas of war, misery or exclusion.
In speaking of the trivialization of evil, the violence completely instrumentalised, he thought of a situation of war, but the return of social instruments of coercion and repression can and should bring the theme of violence back: discrimination, hatred and instrumental violence.
Even worse if it comes under the seal of part of the population, what happened in fascist regimes: “the diminution of power, whether individual, collective or institutional is always a factor that can lead to violence … very present of the present glorification of violence is caused by the severe frustration of the faculty of action of the modern world ” (Arendt, 2009, 62).
When we think of violence, in the sense of the banalization of Hannah Arendt, we are saying who is “in power” in reality: “we refer to the fact that he was taken over by a certain number of people to act in the name […] without a people or group there is no power “(Arendt, 2009, pp. 60-61).
Day-to-day violence is a problem, but instrumentalized is big problema.
ARENDT, H. Sobre a violência (About violence). Trad. André de Macedo Duarte. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2009.
Priest Manuel Antunes and the State
06
Nov
Before rethinking the state, Antunes departs from Portugal, after delineating 
in the first pages the identity and fragilities of the people, without leaving the chauvinism or isolationism that was characteristic of a post-colonial period, says the thinker: “It is easy to on paper dozens and dozens of political parties. It is easy to make ideological proclamations as if they contain the ultimate and ultimate truth. It is easy to point out programs, innumerable and ideal, but that do not bite in the real “(Antunes, 2011, 38), highlights them once and for all.
It is going to rethink the Portuguese state, as it says “leaving the country we are”, not being possible to put aside: “our most serious problems: the Overseas, the emigration, the multiple delays that affect us in the political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural “(ibid., 38), stating that” for fifty years we lived in the hypertrophy of the State “, and this is valid not only in Europe but also in many state models contemporaries.
After parading the functions of the state, it will develop two lines of reflection on two opposing models: “a great line of cleavage rises before us: that separates the monopolist state from the pluralist state” (page 42), in which Brazil will also learn the lesson.
He says of the first: “radically centralizing, bureaucratic, jurisdictional and, at least, totalitarian,” he says of the lesson learned on May 25, that not even his supporters wanted to defend him, it may be said that he was already dead.
The second is: “the second radically decentralizing, taking the nation and society as they are with their inter vivos bodies truly alive, their social strata organizing themselves in the way that suits them and leaving to the free play of the market” , seems better and less bureaucratic, but “between these two extremes lies a wide range in which various combinations are possible” (page 43) is where he develops his ideas.
It will be called “temperate zones” in which “man can build an existence
more in accordance with its nature of being intelligent and free “(idem).
He then asks whether Portugal wants to live in this temperate zone, where the “ideological-affective principle of freedom, equality and fraternity, constantly in a critical review instance in its concrete applications and not reduced to an empty slogan or mere rhetorical discourse without content” which in many places gave rise not only to democratic discredit, but mainly.
Priest Manuel Antunes, if “handy” is universal
05
Nov
The entrance of my study environment in Portugal, I came across a poster that said
a conference about Father Manuel Antunes: Portugal, Europe and Globalization, the words were exactly these, but at a glance a book comes to mind Web to understand a little more of Portugal: “Rethinking Portugal” (see the pdf), later I know that there is a book of the publishing house Bertrand with this name, published in 2017.
I also review my preconceptions, of the one that I had of our mother country, not only because they arrived in Brazil, but also because they gave us the imperial rulers, D. João VI who migrated and established the crown there, D. Pedro I Portugal, D. Pedro IV) and his eldest daughter born in São Cristóvão, D. Maria II who gives name to the theater and some places in Portugal.
The initial reading, without any experience in Portugal, was from an isolated country, a little shy, and the text of Father Manuel Antunes confirmed, reads at the beginning of Repensar Portugal: “the possibility of the end of international isolation, that” proudly “which is the very contradiction of the world in which we live” (Antunes, 2011, 35), where he can already read the universal, this original work is from 1979, five years after the Carnation Revolution.
In speaking of the Revolução dos Cravos (Carnation Revolution), which ended the Salazarist era, Father Antunes said: “Carnation of May, the fraternization of the People and the Armed Forces, of collective enthusiasm, of a certain unfeigned brotherhood, of a vast availability to openness, of a sometimes candid and broad, spontaneity ” (ibid., p. 35).
At first religious curiosity moved me, thinking of the sermons of Father António Vieira, but beyond the scholarly thought, it was from this reading that I understood that I should know six essential dates for Portugal, the Carnation Revolution (1974) and: 1385, 1640, 1820 , 1910 and 1926.
At the beginning, in search of a Portuguese identity, without chauvinism, without messianism and without isolationism, he sees it as a “paradoxical living country of the strangest that the memory of men knows” (page 36), with many exceptions: a colonial empire that was so wide (Portugal was the first empire of the modern era of Macao, Goa to Africa and Brazil), except for how it carried out its political revolution (the left as it is normal), it was the armed forces themselves that demolished the State and exile members of outlawed parties.
He asked at the time, paralleling the year of the liberal revolution of 1820 (made by the crown), “Preface to the Constitutional Cortes of the same year. Will it follow 1823? ” (Page 37).
He says in his work that defining a Portuguese identity, after saying that they made several imitations (1820, Spain, 1834, England, 1910 Jacobin France with the Regicide and 1926 fascist Italy), it was with the assassination of the King Carlos I and the heir who became the republic.
But it emphasizes peculiar traits in the Portuguese town: “Mystical people but little metaphysical; lyric but not gregarious people; active but not very organized people; empirical people, but little pragmatic “(idem) and emphasize the most essential feature that differs from all of Europe:” coexistent people, but easily segregable by the arts of those who lead or propose (ibid.), but the privacy reserved as every European is pleasurable and joyful different from all of Europe and part of the world where indifference already prevails.
This Portuguese scholar priest, who died in 1985, did not see Portugal joining the European Community and the crisis that followed, but gave a fundamental sentence: “The lyrical hour is passing.”
To quench fears and hatreds: meekness
31
Oct
There is little philosophical literature on meekness, but on fears and hatreds are
abundant, we explored this in the posts of the previous week, now we want to mature and overcome both the hatreds, the fears and especially the hurts that entered our lives is necessary something related to temperance, meekness and of course a good deal of critical wisdom.
It could be combined with peace, with tolerance, but they are matters with direct relation to the social, to the just and mainly to some dose of power in the positive sense that we said in our previous post, inner peace or resilience interior as a form of tolerance are nothing other than the negation of the external social and human context.
Meekness is that force capable of even before the contradictory being able to hear, argue and in many cases just shut up until the other person can hear.
Unlike “inner peace” or the social concepts of peace, it is a peaceful way of looking at the world, the Other beyond its limitations, its momentary or habitual outbursts, and is able to convey serenity and calm in hostile environments.
Fears are born of immaturity, incomprehension or fragility in the face of a situation, the use of arms does not lead to greater meekness, leads the attempt to take fear to the other, but almost always this builds an escalation of hatred.
Now it can be conjugated with the idea of social peace, the Roman pax foresaw the submission of the peoples, the Pax of Westphalia, which was nothing more than a treaty of religious tolerance that would lead to a political peace, already the eternal right of the state of interfere in a conflict, even with violence if necessary, this returns the discussion in the Brazilian reality.
Kant argued that “by the use and predominance of reason, by the constitution of the individual sphere, the construction of the modern individual, by the establishment of the public space for the debate and resolution of social conflicts,” such was the constructive model of the eternal pax of modernity, without meekness, a dose of interpretation of hermeneutics of interpretation.
This discourse reminds Heidegger that he has an essay on Serenity (1959), Byung-Chul Han recalls that “serene courage to face an essential fear” [Heidegger], and when this fear lacks, the identical remains, is at the mercy of the “silent voice” that “awakens him with the horrors of the abyss.”
