Arquivo para December, 2024
Trust is believing in the divine
04
Dec
A fundamental concept for understanding
trust within contemporary epistemology is to understand the meaning of the epistemology of testimony, which is recognized by most currents of contemporary epistemologists, in which there is a concept and origin of trust.
Trust, or reliability, which the majority of epistemologists prefer, is implicit and natural, it is that which trusts in the workings of the mundane and does not despise the divine, and helps things in our lives to flow more naturally, it is found in social realities and avoids resentment when something has been broken, it helps in the personal and social fields.
When there is an expectation in human beings to have their physical and psychological integrity preserved, if this expectation is frustrated, the least that is expected is for them to be helped, but when this expectation is also frustrated, reliability in the world is lost.
We rely on the world as long as we are not violated by it and we can continue to rely on it if we are helped, here the divine mother appears, people and entities who come to the rescue of this lost reliability.
The second level of trust is that which lies on the terrain of moral relationships. It must presuppose goodwill on the part of the parties, involving a promise on the part of the person receiving trust, who must strive for the feeling that is deposited in them, so that the relationship can recover and even raise the feeling of trust deposited there to new levels.
According to McLeod (2011), trust requires optimism in relation to the abilities of the person being trusted. By trusting them, we assume a position of vulnerability and every time we trust someone, we are subject to betrayal, but we must help them to recover their Being.
The moral concept of trust, in the way it is constituted, goes against the conception defended in epistemology, which presupposes that we must consider, in a proportional way, the evidence, that which condemns and separates people from the social relationship.
So helping this person to regain trust in themselves and in the things of the world is also taking a step further and getting them to re-establish the moral and social trust that brings back their relationship with the world; all types of vulnerability are subject to this and helping is re-establishing levels of trust between these people and the world.
McLEOD, C. Trust. In: The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, 2011. Disponível em: Acesso em: 20 nov. 2024.
There’s a mood for Christmas
03
Dec
Among true Christians, yes, there will always be
hope for a better world, where everyone can enjoy the common good, true (and impartial) justice and the humblest remembered and invited to this moment of peace and fraternization.
Certainly, in many parts of the world, especially among those suffering from war, scourges or misery and hunger, there will always be less peace and joy among them.
However, this should not be an obstacle to the search for the good, to reflection on the true values that make the civilizing process of humanization ever more advanced and promising, it is not utopia, it is the only possible horizon for those who are true humanists, those who do not look at the different with prejudice and disrespect.
Not limited to any social, cultural or religious group, true humanists create bonds of fraternity and bridges, not insurmountable chasms of agreements and dialogues.
There are more unacceptable things, yes war is unacceptable, there are always two groups willing to fight, there is no difference that should not be respected, yes social inequality is unacceptable, but we can get everyone to think about it and find solutions without demagoguery.
These great things are not just the result of advanced cultural reading, above all we need a feeling of solidarity, a deep look at the Other, who is neither a mirror nor the result of an allegorical or demagogic discourse, we must respect it in all its dignity.
There is a true wisdom that is guided by loving gazes on humanity as a whole and on each man (or woman) in particular, it is accessible to all minds and cultures, and can chart a path of peace and fraternity.
This Christmas is not specific to one date of the year, but it is important to remember it on this date, even religious currents that don’t celebrate it fail to recognize its importance.
There is always hope for peace, lasting joy and social justice for those who love.
It’s important to remember it on this date, even the religious currents that don’t celebrate it fail to recognize its importance.
There is always hope for peace, lasting joy and social justice for those who love.
And Europe hasn’t woken up
02
Dec
The creation of the euro, despite the controversial
exit of England, not the United Kingdom, because Scotland tried to make a referendum on the issue and the British Parliament rejected it, the attempt to create a European concept and policy did not fail, it just did not advance in the essentials.
Its deep humanist and cultural roots were suffocated by idealist and Enlightenment ideologies.
Sloterdijk’s book Se a Europa despertar (If Europe wakes up, in branzilian version) outlines the essentials of what the real Europe would be, its borders and its ethnic bases, what its practically abandoned religious identity would be, it’s not immigration that’s undermining this vision of identity and unity, but the question Sloterdijk asks in his book is what scene do Europeans draw in their decisive historical moments? What ideas animate them, what illusions mobilize them? And it’s not difficult to point out their misconceptions, both in terms of ethnic and cultural bases.
Father Manuel Antunes, too, in his book Repensar Portugal (Rethinking Portugal), written before the European Union, said that his country should turn towards Europe, that before it was a little corner of Europe that turned its back on it and turned towards its African colonies.
Colonization and wars, intestinal, because there were religious wars at the end of the Renaissance, and the Peace of Westphalia, a treaty that removed the religious question from the disputes, but Europe had other border and ethnic disputes, until it culminated in two world wars.
They ended up involving the whole world, because there are interests that go beyond borders, but we have to understand that a true European identity and unity has not yet been built, the borders have been opened, but now they seem uncertain and threatened by the involvement in the war in Eastern Europe.
Sloterdijk’s main thesis in this book is that the model of colonization that gave Europe the idea of an Empire of the Centre (as the author calls it) opened up a vacuum in the post-war period that created a generation of intellectuals who sought a new imperial model, so the author concludes that it has failed to understand that it is no longer a center and has difficulty with this.
The wars are therefore a way of bringing back the idea of empire, the opposite of what Sloterdijk proposed in his book, which would be to abandon this model. This is also the conclusion of Father Manuel Antunes, who adds a model of “social democracy” to Portugal.
Sloterdijk, P. (2002) Se a Europa despertar. Trad. José Oscar de Almeida Marques. Brazil, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade.
