Dialogical hermeneutics
03
Feb
Thus Gadamer, in his quest for the fundamental traits for a hermeneutic theory, starts it
not by a logic of language but by the ontological (universal) structure of the hermeneutic circle, for it is important that he who wants to understand does not indulge in causality (whenever Closed) from his own previous opinions and ignore the opinion of the text, rather he must be willing to let the text say something for himself.
It is a process, therefore a process of opening the spirit, to listen carefully to the text, something that a conscientiously formed hermeneutically has as a receptive discipline, from the beginning, to the alterity of the text in order to “differentiate the true prejudices under which We understand, of the false, under which we are mistaken. ” (1997, p. 42).
But how does this consciousness form from the historical point of view? The historical understanding, it is not from contemporary standards and prejudices that we will understand it, this is the tie of dialogue, but from the horizon of which tradition speaks, otherwise we will be subject to misunderstanding with respect to the meaning Of its contents, that is why dogmatic texts said without reference, or as simple quotations from authors, are not dialogical.
A text only becomes a speaker, thanks to the questions that one can address to him, usually absent in the false dialogue, in it there is no interpretation, no understanding, that does not answer certain questions that crave for questioning, after all one knows of the own philosophy, That the question is more important than the answer, we would say that because of it one begins a fusion of horizons, which can often take time, but never skip it, ignore it or even suppress it to avoid confrontation and questioning.
Thus, understanding is always the continuation of a conversation already begun before us, and that we assume and modify, by means of new discoveries of meaning, the perspectives of meaning that have been transmitted to us.
Here, at this moment, there is an understanding as a historical-effectual concretion (study of the interpretations produced by an epoch) of the dialectic between question and answer, that is, comprehension as conversation.
In this sense, it seems to be a hermeneutical requirement that we have to put ourselves in the place of the other, that is, to move to its situation, to become aware of its otherness, to be able to understand it.
In the development of his ideas, Gadamer will incorporate the problem of application which he understands is contained in every understanding as a fundamental question of hermeneutics.
GADAMER, Hans-Georg. Verdade e Metodo (Truth and Method). Brazil: Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes
Hermeneutics, ontology and dialogue
02
Feb
The word hermeneutics comes from the Greek hermeneuti, hermeneutik or hermeneia,
in a sense given by Philo of Alexandria as “hermeneia is logos expressed in words, manifestation of thought by word,” so it is associated with the god Hermes.
This god in Greek mythology was a mediator, patron of communication and human understanding whose function was to make the divine message intelligible to men, being attributed both to the origin of oral and written language.
Ontological hermeneutics was developed in the Middle Ages, it was based on the idea that there would be normative forms that allowed from interpretative techniques of texts, to make unique interpretations, but from the beginning it was divided into theological hermeneutics (sacra) and philosophical (profane) hermeneutics, and more recently a legal hermeneutics has emerged.
Plato was the first to use it, with the clear aim of overcoming the relativism of the sophists, but the understanding of this as language is due to the already mentioned Philo and Clement of Alexandria, and later Augustine (354-430) developed it As “Christian doctrine,” which, whatever the reading, is admittedly the most effective in the ancient world.
Plato (427 BC) the first to use it. Philo and Clement of Alexandria will understand it as the manifestation of thought by language. Augustine (354-430), who developed in his “Christian Doctrine” the acknowledged most effective hermeneutical theory of the “ancient world”, will use it as a doctrine of interpretation, especially of the obscure passages of Sacred Scripture, the method may help also a universal vision of using language in the interpretation of philosophical and even scientific texts.
Schleimacher will lend this reading, the idea that it is mainly in obscure passages of the Bible to seek the “living truth” because, he says, this is a search for understanding, or as he says: “understanding means, in principle, with each other” and that knowledge is, in principle, understanding.
Understanding and dialogue are correlates because it implies that not only is an interpretive view valid, but one can think of views from angles or distinct aspects in such a way that the truth emerges in the face of a discourse that is not closed, curiously here one can Also calls it hermetic, and there may be dialogue, in the sense that the tone is not raised, but not the dialogic one in the sense of “fusion of horizons”, a concept dear to Gadamer.
Understanding to knowledge as a phenomenon, not as logical-deductive reasoning, only in this case can one understand how Dilthey would say that “to understand is to understand an expression”, differentiating the relations of the spiritual world from causal relations in the nexus of nature, : A seed is planted that will sprout and grow a tree.
For Gadamer (1997), there is a proper foundation of the sciences of the spirit, so that in Dilthey’s hermeneutics more than an instrument, it can become valid as the universal medium of historical consciousness, for which there is no other knowledge Of the truth than to understand the expression, and this depends on the other, not on the instrumentalization of the other, in this sense dialogue may in some cases not promote dialogue, mutual understanding and mutual acceptance.
Supper of the ashes
01
Feb
The original name of the work of Giordano Bruno is La cena de las cenizas (in Italian: La cena 
de le ceneri), what he proposes in this work is a conception of the world, if today we see the planet and the whole universe as “our home” , Giordano Bruno was one of the first to see this as well.
Giordano Bruno’s theories far surpassed those of Copernicus, proposed that the sun is simply a star, that the universe may contain an infinite number of inhabited worlds with intelligent beings and animals, member of the Dominican Order, studied St. Thomas Aquinas and developed A different cosmic theory of church thought at the time, and was accused of pantheism and doomed by the Inquisition.
But from a strictly religious standpoint his controversies were as to transubstantiation in the Eucharist, the Trinity, the incarnation of Christ, and the virginity of Mary.
He influenced thinkers like Spinoza and died at the stake with the respect of many.
In his book The Supper of Ashes declared: “The Earth and the stars …, as they dispense life and food to things, restoring all matter which they lend, are themselves endowed with life, to a much greater extent; And being alive, it is in a voluntary, orderly and natural way, according to an intrinsic principle, that they move towards the things and spaces that suit them, “since Galileo was already repaired, Still higher in relation to Giordano Bruno.
It is Ash Wednesday, and it is not bad if we could go beyond hypocrisy and proselytism to actually speak in dialogue, comprehensively both in the religious field and in the ideological field, but the inquisitors survive even though God has nothing to do with it.
Neither sun neither death
01
Feb
What we see with Trump, British Conservative thought (BRExit) and
French (elections this year with even the extreme right chances to come to power), can in economic terms mean a return to the Wealth of Nations period (classic work of Adam Smith In the year 1776), but there are other possible analyzes and Sloterdijk is one of them.
I read and had to paralyze the reading of the Critique of Cynical Reason for the forcefulness of the work, but gradually I returned realizing that its main endeavor was a critique of “false consciousness” of the Habermasian theory, and I also see it now as the best post -frankfurtians, a post-Marxist school born in the USA that influenced the 60’s (Marcuse, Erich Fromm and others), also lead years not only in Brazil, but in the East and in much of Europe, see the demonstrations in Paris.
In the late 1980s Peter Sloterdijk launched Critique of Cynical Reason, two decades after going to the Indica to study Eastern philosophy, he followed in an up-to-date fashion the steps of Schopenhauer (1788-1640) and Niesztche (1844-1900), and with philosophical works equally “post-illuminist” and critics of modern rationalism.
Now his readers’ interest is in his books on politics and globalization in his trilogy of the already published in portuguese Spheres I: Bubbles, work of 1998; and the next releases in Portuguese is Spheres II: Globes, and after Spheres III: Foams, he was writed in 2004.
In Neither Sun nor Death, Sloterdijk respond his fellow german writer Hans-Jurgen Heinrichs, commenting on issues such as technology mutation, media development, communication technologies.
Also has a good introduction to Sloterdijk´s thinking abourt theory of globalization, and a good critique of the neo-illuminism french currents represented by Giles Deleuze, Paul Virilio and Gabriel Tarde, and also makes connections with heidegger and the indian mystic Osho Rajneesh.
IT companies and Trump
31
Jan
The companies that employ the most brains and foreign labor are technology companies,
and the reflexes of trying to nationalize jobs has already provoked a reaction from most companies.
Yesterday several companies had appeared, among them the giants Google, Facebook, Apple and Microsoft, which among other measures vetoed the access of natives of seven Muslim-majority countries to come to the United States, the measure is valid for 90 days and the reaction was World, with manifestation even of some rulers, like of Saudi Arabia.
Executive director Sundar Pichai, whose name already shows nationality, said that Google’s Trump order reaches about 100 employees.
Yesterday Canada, which had a one-time attack on a mosque in this country, was televised to declare support and solidarity with Muslims, as well as their desire to receive migrants who can not enter the United States, in the long run this may even Result in the transfer of some of these companies’ offices to Canada.
The owner of Tesla Elon Musk, companies that have revolutionary innovations with use of solar energy among other bombastic technological changes, which advises the Trump government.
The measure is a great setback, going back to the beginning of industrial capitalism when Adam Smith wrote the classic “Wealth of Nations”, today the raw material, brains and labor are world-wide, and, by the way, states United States was the largest beneficiary, the effect of this backward turnout will result in global backwardness, but also to the world’s largest powerhouse, yet it will immediately affect its trading partners such as Mexico and Canada.
This process is tantamount to de-globalization, as some countries in Europe, such as France and the United Kingdom, are moving in this direction, and Trump’s visit to this country already provokes many demonstrations of unpopularity.
Campus Party Brazil starts tomorrow
30
Jan
The tenth edition of the Campus Party, a concentration of fans, workers, 
companies and even thinkers who use a wide space to exchange experiences, products and ideas of the advances of the digital world, takes place at the Anhembi pavilion in São Paulo.
This year, there are two waves that are already booming in this environment: the internet of things and sharing, which came out of digital products and went to different areas: toys, temporary rental of houses, availability of parking spaces for travel, etc.
At the main stage where some interesting names are called and others not so much, this year will appear figures such as: Michel Nicolelis (Brazilian who is world name in neuroscience), Camille François (cyber-activist who defends privacy, anonymity, Harvard) and Paul Zaloom, (famous actor in the 90s with program The World of Beakman), and others of course.
Another novelty is the link established with UNDP (UN Development Program), which has 17 sustainable development objectives, in 100 hours will be developed what is called Big Hackathon where projects are proposed and can be undertaken by public or private initiative with Funding shared by the UN.
I highlight among these goals 8 that I consider to be urgent: Eradication of poverty, zero hunger and sustainable agriculture, quality education, clean and affordable energy, decent work and economic growth, reduction of inequalities, global action on climate and peace / justice / effective institutions .
The event starts tomorrow and admission costs $ 240 brazilian reais (around U$ 75).
Fusion of horizons and dialogue
27
Jan
It is possible to speak of dialogue without exercising any dialogue process, 
it is a common discourse because everyone wants to claim for themselves the universality of the discourse itself, but this is a rupture within the process of constructing a collective discourse.
The important thing about walls is that behind them there are those who build bridges and these inevitably give more mobility than the walls, and thus find easier way.
In philosophy it is what is called a fusion of horizons, while the discourse of anti-dialogical dialogue closes in an airtight circle of the approval of its peers, the process that goes beyond dialogue, since it is hermeneutic, it builds the road of truth that is Safe and paved.
Hermetic closure in theory / practice, idealistic discourse of modernity, understanding, as man’s most basic mode of being and its insertion into the horizon of practical life indicates one is a much more key issue in the hermeneutical tradition.
Far from being idealistic, it is possible to speak of hermeneutic engagement with a new “praxis” that happens as it develops an open relationship with the discourse of the Other.
Gadamer, one of the architects of this new dialogical articulation, sees in many cases that reflection on what praxis does not have should replace our immersion within the logic of life, as long as it is achievable and objective in facts seen and not just imagined.
For the philosopher of the new hermeneutics, “understanding must be thought less as an action of subjectivity than a participation in an event of tradition, a process of transmission in which the past and present are constantly mediated” (Gadamer, 2003).
David Waberman, one of Gadamer’s readers, states that: “Understanding is generally a case of merging horizons,” and in the case of understanding the past, a “thoughtful mediation” Of the present (Waberman, 1999).
Thus the sense we give of a text we are reading or even (perhaps even more so) a work of art, we should not pretend to reconstruct the author’s original intention, but to understand it in such a way that its truth is manifested to us.
Regardless of our historical situation, we are all living it at the same time, and this necessarily involves an ever-differentiated understanding, and always differently from the way the work was originally intended, as Waberman also sees it, so we can “talk” about If we are open to the horizon of the other, most of the time this is done without the dialogue of the Other different, but of the other that repeats my own discourse, without the necessary dialogue.The dialogical difference is that one builds walls, even stating the opposite, and the other builds bridges, even with stones thrown.
Gadamer, H.G. Truth and Method, 2nd edition, London/New York, Continuum. 1975.
WEBERMAN, David. Reconciling Gadamer’s non-intentionalism with Standard conversational goals. In The Philosophical Forum, v. XXX, n.4, p. 317, dez/1999,
Antropotechnics and Stonehenge
26
Jan
Anthropotechnics is the name given to the idea that it is possible to link 
anthropology and its human developments to the development of techniques that influenced civilizational and even structural change in the form of human organization, the term is due to Peter Sloterdijk who attempts to explain current technology processes In modernity.
Stonehenge is a monument from the Neolithic period, believed to have arisen in a period called by Mesolithic archaeologists between 8500 to 7000 BC (Vatcher and Vatcher, 1973) and has recently been discovered to be part of larger circles (figure 1).
It is not known how the first monuments of stones (post-holes) appeared there, but a reasonable hypothesis is that some already existed and soon others were being brought by a long period of about a thousand years, some coming from very far from regions like Wales.
One possibility studied is that the landscape of the region of Stonehenge in the past may have been especially open, which squeezes to require some technology to transport the enormous stones, there would be a kind of rectangular earthenings (the Greater call of Stonehenge and the smaller one of Cursus) that Allowed the movement of the stones in tree trunks or even in glacial glaciers that allowed the movement of the stones (French, 2012), according to figure 2.
Two stones known as Heel Stone and North Barrow were the earliest components of Stonehenge, but the circular trench with internal and external benches were built in 3000 BC and were brought out of there (Figure 3).
It is possible that features such as the Heel Stone and the low mound known as the North Barrow were early components of Stonehenge, but the earliest known main event was the construction of a circular trench with an inner and outer bank built about 3000 BC And Pearson, 2010). This area closed about 100 meters in diameter, and had two entrances. It was an early form of the henge monument (LAST, 2011).
Inside the benches and about 60 ditches were found several wooden instruments, of stones and some of them that were noticed because they were of copper, like the ones that were called ditches of Aubrey, the people buried there were around of 150 individuals, Being the largest neolithic cemetery (PEARSON, 2012).
A stone (gneiss) and found bone pins associated with cremated human remains in the Aubrey holes at Stonehenge, say that there was a graveyard.
VATCHER, G e VATCHER, M., ‘Excavation of three post-holes in Stonehenge car park’, Wiltshire Archaeological and History Magazine, 68 (1973), 57–63.
FRENCH, C. et al, ‘Durrington Walls to West Amesbury by way of Stonehenge: a major transformation of the Holocene landscape’, Antiquaries Journal, 92 (2012), 1–36.
FIELD, D. and PEARSON, T. World Heritage Site Landscape Project: Stonehenge, Amesbury, Wiltshire Archaeological Survey Report, English Heritage Research Department Report 109-2010 (Swindon, 2010).
LAST, J., Introduction to Heritage Assets: Prehistoric Henges and Circles (English Heritage, 2011).
PARKER, M.; CHAMBERLAIN, A., MARSHALL, M. J., POLLARD, RICHARDS, C. THOMAS, J., TILLEY, C. e WELHAM, K., ‘Who was buried at Stonehenge?’ Antiquity, 83, 2009, 23–39.
PEARSON, M Parker, Stonehenge: Exploring the Greatest Stone Age Mystery (London, 2012), 193.
Unveiling of the film academy 2017
25
Jan
There are likely to be Trump’s remarks, some reference to last year’s white Oscar, 
but nothing more patriotic and American than the festivals, La Land is interesting, but 14 nominations tell you what in fact Hollywood is very American, as not to remember the famous Hollywood musicals? It’s good, yes, but not so much.
Like this La Land equaled Titanic in 1997, and Evil in 1950, in central nominations as Best Picture, Best Director (Damien Chazelle who has won two Golden Globes), Best Actor (Ryan Gosling) and Best Actress with Emma Stone .
Behind the musical, there are 8 nominations and the drama Moonlight: Under the Moonlight, Science Fiction “The Arrival”, and then Manchester by the sea with 6 nominations and we have already said that it is not all this.
Still in the Hollywood style could not miss a war film, Mel Gibson’s “Until the Last Man” and a modern Western like “At Any Cost”; As for the dramas, are: “Stars beyond Time”, “Lion: A Journey Home” and “Fences”, which is one of my favorites along with “The Arrival”.
Meryl Streep, who in the Golden Globe where she was honored in honor of Donald Trump, hits a record with 20 Oscar nominations (only won 3) as best actress for her role in “Florence: Who’s That Woman?”.
Also noteworthy is the Englishwoman Isabelle Huppert (“Elle”) (first photo above), who should not take, but I am in her fans, along with “The arrival” (right photo),
Viola Davis has already won the Golden Globe Award for best supporting actress, could win again, but is likely to go to Naomi Harris (“Moonlight: Under the Moonlight”) (pictured below), the other nominations being: Nicole Kidman (“Lion: A Journey Home”) and Octavia Spencer (“Stars beyond Time”) do not deserve it.
Perhaps Star Wars (“Rogue One: A Star Wars Story”) (pictured below) has a special effects consolation prize or sound mix, fans were expecting some more indication.
In animation Trolls had no indication, maybe Moana: an evil adventure might win, I went to watch with children who found the language a bit difficult, the others except Zootopia, who has something different, “My life of zucchini”, “The red turtle “And even the funky” Kubo and the magic ropes “is nothing special.
The award will be here a month, February 26 and will be presented by Jimmmy Kimmel.
A new eletronic revolution?
24
Jan
Nonatechelogy is photonic (photon-based computing) or quantum eletronic, and research and speculation grow, 
but a research on carbon nanotubes and graphene (a compound made up of nanotubes) is faster than practical results directly applicable to today’s computing and is possible change it.
Current computing uses a technology that uses tiny links using metallic oxide over silicon (or CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) to achieve non-zero-order operations (10-9 seconds) by placing micro-transistors on a scale of non-meters (10 -9 of the second) this has limited the advance of computer chips as this is a maximum barrier for such technology.
Now researchers at Peking University in China say they have found a way to put transistors based on carbon nonotube technology that far outnumber these made with metal-oxide-based technology on silicon, the transistors are much smaller in the femtomeconds ( 10-15) built in silicon on scales below nanometers.
Unlike the conventional techniques of growing carbon nanotubes in silicon, which had many undesirable properties, they placed only a few nanotubes and tested the properties made on tiny sheets of graphene (methods to construct by processes similar to revealing photos in very microscopic structures of Transistors), and obtained excellent results.
The gates that make the operations come to operate thanks to the capacitance of these new structures in the femtoseconds, which guarantees a speed a thousand times faster than the current technologies of silicon chips.
More than that, traders say their work provides physical evidence that all the money spent on carbon nanotube research as a substitute for current silicon technologies will be paid when mass production of these chips is made viable.
The article is published in phy.org which is a journal specializing in nanotechnology work.
