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The Goodness and the Capabilities
23
May
To look at the question of the capacity of Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, we begin 
with the view of Aristotle’s “political distribution” that used it extensively in the analysis of the “good of human beings,” where this good is connected with the examination of ” Man “and” life in the sense of activity “, that is, the function as human empowerment for an activity.
Thinking about life as “activities and ways of being” and why they are so valuable, the assessment of the quality of life takes the form of an evaluation of these effectives and the ability to do them, that is, taking into account only the goods Or the incomes that aid in the performance of those activities and the acquisition of those capacities, as in most of the theories of value, which come from Adam Smith and Marx, we end up having a confusion of means and ends, and in this agree Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum.
Returning to the Aristotelian theory, it is possible that life “is lived under compulsion, and wealth is evidently not what we seek, for wealth is merely useful in the attainment of other goods.”
So our task is to evaluate the various effects in human life, surpassing what, in a different but related context, what Marx called “commodity fetishism,” the consumption of commodities can only be examined by the capacity of the person of Must be appropriately assessed not quantitatively, but as a combination of effectiveness.
Sen and Nussbaum point out as the first fundamental point the ambiguities and relevance in the conceptual framework of the capacity approach, Without states: “The nature of human life and the content of human freedom are problematic concepts. I do not intend to sweep these difficulties under the rug. ”
The second points are quality of life and needs: “There is a wide literature on economic development that deals with the evaluation of the quality of life, the fulfillment of basic needs and related issues,” Sen says, quoting Lipton (1968).
The third points are primary goods and freedoms, where Rawls’s work must be analyzed, since the “focus on the commodities and the means of personal fulfillment in this work contrasted with the capacity approach is also influential in modern moral philosophy,” says Amartya Sen.
Sen, Amartya. Development as capacity expansion. (see the Link).
Sen, Amartya. “Development as Capability Expansion”, Jounal of Development Planning, no. 19, 1989 (special insert on “Human development from the eighties”) Regis Castro Andrade (see the Links))
Utopia and a new time
10
May
In order to understand the importance of Ideology and Utopia and the 
beginning of the discussion from Karl Mannheim (1893-1947), it should be remembered that this one besides addressing the subjects was student of Alfred Weber and work colleague of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer , besides him (Mannheim) taught at London School Economics, and he being the first to write on Ideology and Utopia.
This shows the profile of someone who wrote before the age or information society, made a systematization of a sociology of knowledge, an important source for an initial conception of what Edgar Morin will later define as “complexity”.
Mannheim, who did not live the modern information society, already analyzed the generational changes that each generation means: “The entrance of new people obstructs the constantly accumulated goods, but also unconsciously produces new selection and revision in the field of what is available; It teaches us to forget what is no longer useful and to desire what has not yet been conquered “(Mannheim 1972: 532).
The concept of utopia in Mannheim comprises a form of group mentality, nowadays potentialized by the media, which analogously to ideology, also surpasses what is termed by reality and points to a possible future, that is, virtual.
Taking the concept of reality as that which is socio-historically constructed by a dominant group, it must be understood as a dialogue with the tradition of Gadamer, the utopian possibility is, according to Mannheim (1972, 216) “only those orientations which, reality, tend to be transformed into conduct, to shake, partially or totally, the order of things that prevails in the moment “, that is, a new horizon is needed, according to the text capable of” transforming into conduct “, that is , change the mentality and the action. Utopia is a term coined by Thomas Morus.
The text of Ricoeur is much more complex and rich, the reading of Mannheim is not obligatory, but for those who want a systematic study, and bet on a possible utopia, in this case it is a must read, previous to the Ideology and Utopia, book of Ricoeur.
References: MANNHEIM, Karl. Ideology and Utopia. Ideology and Utopia. London: Routledge, 1936 (pages in Brazilian edition 1972).
Awareness in the hermeneutic circle
16
Mar
Gadamer’s analysis is that the humanities (I definitely replace the German term 
Geiteswissenschaften) is to differentiate what Mish and Dilthey called “free distance to self” as the real problem of the humanities in philosophy, which was the true presupposition of Heidegger, and not just the “problem of being”.
According to Gadamer, “he finds himself in the connection between the” life “which always implies consciousness and reflexivity and” science, “which develops from life as one of possibilities” (page 12)
Indicating that existence as “being in the world” (Heidegger’s well-known expression) “reveals the Verstehen as the possibility and structure of existence” (idem). The reason for appealing to Heidegger is clear, since “the human sciences acquire an” ontological “valence that could not remain without consequences for their methodological self-understanding [and] … they are closer to human self-understanding than the sciences Natural. The objectivity of the latter is no longer an ideal of unequivocal and binding knowledge. “(Idem)
In the second lecture he will address the question of Dilthey’s traditional hermeneutics, which we have already touched on in the previous post, and then he will return to Aristotle, who made him recognize the “particular interweaving of being and knowledge” and then to address Nicomachus Ethics. Our last theme, but without first failing to recognize “the scientific ‘scientific’ justification of the modern society in which specialization reigns” (page 13).
The last topic closes in the second, in discussing Dilthey’s “romantic” hermeneutics, at the second conference, takes up the traditional “hermeneutical circle” (here already thinking of Heidegger who outlined it), “presents itself under a new aspect and acquires importance fundamental. “(Idem)
Affirming that the hermeneutical circle is rich in content (inhalt ich erfüllt) when gathering interpret and its has in an interior unit in total movement (procedural whole). Understanding implies a pre-comprehension and this in turn is prefigured by a “determined tradition that lives the interpreter and that shapes his prejudices.” (Idem) For Gadamer, every encounter implies a “suspension of my preconceptions” (idem) that by “meeting with a person with whom I learn my nature and my limits” (idem), but his revolution is that “it is impossible to content In order to understand the other, that is, to seek and recognize the coherence immanent to the meanings and demands of the Other “(page 14), the capital is mine because there is confusion in speeches about it, and it is Gadamer himself who clarifies: “A call is always implied.” (Idem)
Its conclusion is contrary to every resource and discourse that does not use true alterity, a serious dialogism where the other, really the Other, is the reason of our capital.
Gadamer goes so far as to say: “that I am willing to acknowledge that the other (human or not) is right and to consent that he prevails over me” (Idem), could conclude but … say there friend !
A new eletronic revolution?
24
Jan
Nonatechelogy is photonic (photon-based computing) or quantum eletronic, and research and speculation grow, 
but a research on carbon nanotubes and graphene (a compound made up of nanotubes) is faster than practical results directly applicable to today’s computing and is possible change it.
Current computing uses a technology that uses tiny links using metallic oxide over silicon (or CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) to achieve non-zero-order operations (10-9 seconds) by placing micro-transistors on a scale of non-meters (10 -9 of the second) this has limited the advance of computer chips as this is a maximum barrier for such technology.
Now researchers at Peking University in China say they have found a way to put transistors based on carbon nonotube technology that far outnumber these made with metal-oxide-based technology on silicon, the transistors are much smaller in the femtomeconds ( 10-15) built in silicon on scales below nanometers.
Unlike the conventional techniques of growing carbon nanotubes in silicon, which had many undesirable properties, they placed only a few nanotubes and tested the properties made on tiny sheets of graphene (methods to construct by processes similar to revealing photos in very microscopic structures of Transistors), and obtained excellent results.
The gates that make the operations come to operate thanks to the capacitance of these new structures in the femtoseconds, which guarantees a speed a thousand times faster than the current technologies of silicon chips.
More than that, traders say their work provides physical evidence that all the money spent on carbon nanotube research as a substitute for current silicon technologies will be paid when mass production of these chips is made viable.
The article is published in phy.org which is a journal specializing in nanotechnology work.
Golden Globe 2017
09
Jan
The awards began with smaller prizes, one of the curiosities was later came
the award for best supporting actor: Aaron Taylor Johnson of the film Night Animals, then better series actor and TV dramas, Billy Bob Thornton for the Gollath series, best actress of series or musical for TV: Tracee Ellis Ross of the series Blackish and for best TV series Atlanta, best actress of the series that counts the trial of O.J. Simpson, Sarah Paulson.
After little series or film for TV, the series People x OJ Simpson, Trace unexpectedly received the prize of, composers of soundtracks Moonlight and La la Land were expected and La Land won, it was a barbada, since Justin Harwitz (first picture) did a good job, and best original song again La La Land, by Justin as well, but which was received by the ensemble, having received better actor in comedy or musical film: Ryan Gosling and Damien Chazelle (second picture at center) received the award for best director and best scrip /photography.
Gradually the best actress award and best director was revealed, and the best supporting actress already seemed to indicate a different path in this award, the deserved Viola Davis, since best director for Denzel Washington and best film for Fences were not in the nominations, And justice was made received the award for best actor.
Best animation was Zootopia, with a message about diversity, and although the criticism indicated this personally, Moana and Trolls (which was not indicated) seem better to me.
Best Foreign Film Elle by the director of the Netherlands: Paul Verhoven.
Best actor in the miniseries went to English: Tom Hindleston, who starred in The Night Manager and Clarie Floy for The Crown, which won best drama series in the sequel.
La la Land was the big winner leading the 7 nominations, while Moonlight (Picture above) who won only best drama movie was the deception, in the Hollywood glamour and the ironies and jokes with Donald Trump, who already reacted saying that she would be Hillary’s mistress.
Were the future is going II ?
29
Nov
Around his main ideas, the educator begins by dismissing the idea of a 
linear prediction, the idea that “the future would forge in and by the development of the dominant trends of economics, technique and science “(Morin, 2012, P. 11), this was already dominant but found to be inefficient.
The French expert of expert´s, Robert Gibrat, said: “In the last twenty years, the experts have regularly been mistaken.”
It thus categorically dismisses the conception of history as a simplistic conception; it is necessary to conceive of the future by a complex conception, for example, the French Revolution, which I need not only be rewritten in the nineteenth century, with comings and goings as Restoration, for example, but through new experiences such as socialism in the twentieth century, Bolshevism, Stalinism, libertarianism, and dis-stalinization, which corresponded to what he calls the “breach in the present,” where: knowledge of the present requires Knowledge of the past which, in turn, requires knowledge of the present. “(Morin, 2012, page 13)
For surely the “present state of the present carries with it potentially the situations of the future world” and so it is within the complexity to identify these potentialities, which are not only consequences of the “current creations / inventions that can be imagined” (idem).
Part of the future must be unveiled, it has not yet taken “form in the present humus,” that is, unveiling what is dying, in a much more complex and illuminating analysis than the simplistic liquid of Zygmunt Bauman.
For Morin, “the principles that allow us to imagine the evolution of history” (page 15), contrary to the “ineptitude of every prediction based on such a simplistic evolutionary conception … it is multidimensional; It involves geographic, economic, technical, political, ideological factors … first and foremost inter-retro-action play, that is, a perpetual link. “(Idem)
It asserts that everything that is evolutionary “obeys a multicausal principle. Causality is a multi-causality in which not only inter-retro-actions combine and fight each other, but also in which every autonomous process produces its own causality, always suffering external determinations, that is, it bears a self- Complex causality. “(Ibid.)
Morin’s analysis, which seems to me appropriate for the moment, which is derived from his Method I – The nature of nature, is of the “actions that deviate from its course, derive, reverse their sense, provoke reactions and counter-actions that submerge them . Hence the boomerang effects, where the blow does not strike the enemy, but the author, and the ‘perverse effects, whose rumors we are already noticing’ (Morin, 2012, page 16).
Morin seems to describe the reversed flows this year, when he says: “History innovates, drifts, disorganizes. It changes its track, it derails: the countercurrent caused by a current merges with the current, and the derailleur becomes the current “(pp. 16 and 17)
MORIN, E. . Où va le monde ?, Paris: L`Herne, 2007 (pages is brazilian edition).
Aesthectic of Hegel
12
Aug
I was interested in studying the issue of religion in Hegel, motivated
by the book of Paul Ricoeur “Lectures on Ideology and Utopia” (1986), and also the question of Misericordy and Fraternity which came to be published in a book about “Misericórdia e Fraternidade” made by a group of brazilian´s intellectuals willing to put a scholarly light on the papal´s Bull “Misericordiae vultus” launched in connection with the Jubilee year of Misericordy in Catholic Church.
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I come across a quote in an old volume of Hegel thinkers collection on the aesthetic: “For us, art is no longer the highest form that the truth chooses to assert its existence” (p. 126), and more ” in the hierarchy of the means used to express the absolute, religion and stemmed culture of reason hold the highest degree, higher than the art “(p. 43) and then a near death sentence:” the present tense conditions not they are favorable to art “(p. 44).
But then it would not be appropriate to ask: what kind of art has survived, or rather aesthetic we can say that is the aesthetic of today? I see two answers only outlined a paraphrased Hegel himself is from the “truly real,” although this separate the sensible reality and the reality of art, and the second existential: because you can not order the death of art since even in the silence of our existence, it remains alive inside of poets, artists and singers, although mambembes (popular circus) are there.
What is limited to Hegel, since “is a representation of a meaning that is not conjugated with the expression, the representation remains always a difference between idea and form” (p. 101), but which at the bottom is the idealist problem of art.
The idea that it is possible to abstract from reality the sublime, as if it were non-existent in the sensitive representation is contrasted by its “existence” since art expresses Being even nonexistent and paradoxically, because if there is an expression, it is sensitive, that is their condition of existence.
We are required to agree with Hegel: “To make the proper matter, will be up to the monstrous, disfigures to form, it is produced the grotesque” (idem), but all these traits posed by Hegel are but his denial of sublime, the attempted destruction of art and beauty, which confirm the existence “in the depths of all that, in art, can be entitled to call harmonious, the absurd and contradictory survives” (Adorno, T., Theory Aesthetics, p. 130).
Hegel, G. W. Aesthetics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973. (for download) (pages of the brazilian edition).
British exit or remain in EU
23
Jun
In the British elections, voters must register to participate, the
number of voters who will decide whether the United Kingdom (includes 53 countries linked to countries linked to the British Crown), is 46.4 million people who registered to participate in the referendum on Thursday about remain in European Union (EU).
It is believed that should win the favor of permanence, but according to the British newspaper “Financial Times” there is a dead heat, 47% in favor and 45% against, in a campaign marked by fear (the effect on immigration would be immediate), and economic return, usually in favor of conservatives, but in this case in favor of is in the US.
The sections opened 7a.m. (3h Brasilia time) throughout the UK, and despite the rain attendance is great indicate the news this morning.
A behavior analysis on social networks is made from hashtags by Vyacheslav Polonski in Medium.com on site, and shows highlighted the #brexit tags and #bremain where I check the co-occurrence of 13,310 hashtags related to the referendum.
I understand that brexit (exit britain) is the exit (red region) while bremain (britain remain) was the exit of the US (blue region), the analysis found the following measures in degrees of centrality, based on the most central were against the permanence in the US the United Kingdom; #beleave (degree: 6,029), #brexit (degree: 2,089) and #voteout (degree: 1743), while the permanency were #bremain (degree: 1349), #strongerin (degree: 1182) and #hugabrit (degree: 860).
Already neutral hashtags came with the hashtags above are #EU (degree: 1528), #UK (degree: 1,271) and #EUreferendum (grade 1249). degree count up the network represents a hashtags centrality measure in the referendum debate on Instagram.
The UK stay in the US, favors a more united world and fraternity.
