Arquivo para a ‘Computer – Software’ Categoria
The future of thinking machines
05
Oct
We made a point of making the classifications (post) between cyborgues, 
androids and humanoids, showing that the hybrids are still a fiction for some and a delirium for others, as our view is the point of singularity of Raymond Kurzweil.
Points of singularity m (it is good to say technological, since there are others) would be that point where there would be a surpassing of biological human to a post-human technological, of silicon or even something more futuristic, photonic or neo-biological (biological chips, for example ).
Raymond Kurzweil’s definitions are clearer and more precise, he wrote in 1987 The Age of Intelligent Machines and then in an even greater delirium an update to The Age of Spiritual Machines where he seeks to find where the so-called Transcedent Man (documentary 2009), and then we can outline his ideas.
You can delineate your ideas in 4 points: technological evolution up to its definition of singularity is one of the tangible objectives of humanity (will be?) By exponential progression, the functionality of the human brain is quantifiable in terms of technology and can be built in a near future (but only functional); average advances can keep a significant amount of their generation alive enough for the increase in technology to pass human brain processing (one thing does not imply the other, could be done with future generations), and a point that is socially interesting that the theory of accelerated evolutions.
This theory says that the theory of accelerated change refers to the increase in the rate of technological innovation (and sometimes it may be accompanied by social and cultural evolution) and is always present in history, which may suggest faster and deeper change in future, although this is true how much accelerated depends on the historical perspective.
We define this evolution as the noosphere, a sphere of mind or spirit, based on the idea of John Searle, that the mental “real and ontologically irreducible” to the physical, and that technologies evolve and accelerate human growth but are separated by what Juergen Schmidhuber calls “uniqueness of the omega”, something at once similar and different from the omega of Gregory Chaitin, because it is not a number or a number, but what Teilhar Chadin (1916) defines in his noosphere as the beginning and end of the human , but wrapped in a connection of minds and spirits as if they were communicating vessels.
For Juergen Schmidhuber, the next Omega – 2040 (there was no film Blade Runner 2049) from his series Omega – 2 ^n human lives (n <10; human lives (n <10; a life – 80 years) about major stages of events would occur in human history.
He questioned the validity of such changes by suggesting that they merely reflect a general rule for “both the individual memory of the single human being and the collective memory of whole societies and their history books: constant amounts of memory space allocated to get exponentially greater, adjacent time slots more and more into the past, “and it is memory and not Moore’s law that speaks of the growth of digital memories.
His suggestion is that “the reason why there has never been a shortage of prophets predicting that the end is near – important events according to their own vision of the past always seem to accelerate exponentially,” so both ancient and modern prophecies are no longer that oracles that establish this reconnection between the “omega” of the beginning and end, announcing great changes and at the same time connected to them.
There is a very clear example of Jürgen Schmidhuber’s acceleration, given in Wurman’s book, “Information Anxiety” (1991), where he says that a person who read the New York Times for a year read more than the best of the men of the eighteenth and earlier centuries, then of course there is more reading today than in previous centuries, but thinking … need evolution.
Androids and cyborgs: where?
26
Sep
The fiction Blade Runner has led us to think, just as in the Odyssey 2001 season too, yes we are going to space, machines grow in complexity, but we must ask the question of Terrence Deacon: Incomplete Nature: how mind emerges from matter ? (see our post).
The controversial Raymond Kurzweil in 2005: The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology is a book released by an update of The Age of Spiritual Machines and The Age of Intelligent Machines, but the bottom line is where did we come from? If we come only from chemical compounds that for millions of years have been forming complex organisms, until human complexity has arrived, a natural being, conscious and creating fantastic things, among them the machine, where will we arrive?
The question that precedes all those that are our “existence” is that which is our being, is transcendent in the sense of what was before man, we came only from the clay as the creationists want, we came from the mind of God as they want the religious, or it is still possible a synthesis between the two: a spirit has been “blown” in us.
In fact, what we think about the future has to do with what we think of our origin and why this question is important, then we can say that “being” precedes “existence” and we can say that the “existing being” precedes “ethics,” or in a more philosophical way “being” and “ethics” are conjugated ontologically, for both determine a being, and he is aware.
Then it will be possible to “blow” on androids and cyborgs no matter how sophisticated their decision-making mechanisms, a subject that refers to the axioms of Hilbert’s arithmetic, Kurt Gödel’s incompleteness and undecidability theorem, until we come to elaborate complex logics of these mechanisms in intelligent agents and “artificial intelligence”, but it would in fact be intelligence, in our view, for now androids and cyborgs only in fictions.
Androids have awesome superhuman parts and robotics (vision, strength, precision, etc.), While cyborgs have human parts and robot parts, but hybrids that have human and superhuman parts would depend on biogenetics and even more neuroscience advances that already exist.
We can create androids, as in the film Blade Runner 2049, but what capacity would they have for feelings and androds awareness ?
Blade Runner 2049 is better
25
Sep
A classic fiction film is undoubtedly Blade Runner, I do not consider the
best nor the first, because we must remember Lost in Space (1965 to 1968) if we think of TV series and the Stanley Kubrick classic 2001: A Odyssey in the space of 1968, said by some: “the most incredible, beautiful and mentally stimulating science fiction film of all time.”
For those who knew the plot of the movie that is about to be released, there are some new and strange things.
But Blade Runner brought the replicants, hybrid beings whose true robotic identity is hidden, and only by the eye (more precisely by the iris could be identified) and in full war with humans, so they say, is the father of many modern science fiction in the robotic line.
In a cavernous setting in Budapest on an autumn morning in 2016, Harrison Ford – wearing a gray button-down shirt, dark jeans and a Ford-resistant grimace – is shooting a crucial rendezvous in Blade Runner 2049, now directed by Denis Villeneuve
For the first time in more than three decades, Ford is resuming its role as Rick Deckard, the fast-fingered, hard-drinking cop in 1982, of Ridley Scott’s first Blade Runner.
Why K (Ryan Gosling on the android hunter cop) does not just use the front door is not exactly clear, since the Blade Runner 2049 plot is protected with the kind of intensity usually reserved for Star Wars. (Even negotiating to get into the set demanded more and after a Voight-Kampff test).
Ana de Armas stated that her character is “strong and complex,” she “is Agent K’s mistress, her best friend, and the only person she can trust.”
After 30 years of Blade Runner there are some confirmed details: the public left Deckard injured and mistreated in 2019 Los Angeles, he disappeared, and the official LAPD of Gosling is on the hunt (possibly under the command of his boss, played by Robin Wright, although nobody involved with the movie say for sure).
Meanwhile there is a new generation of replicants – the series term for the androids that are built by a mysterious inventor named Wallace (Jared Leto), who is aided by a dedicated employee, Luv (Sylvia Hoeks).
That’s pretty much everything the 2049 team is saying, no matter how politely I ask. “I’m not even sure I’m allowed to say I’ve had a good time doing it,” laughs actor Gosling.
The launch is scheduled for October 5, 2017 (in Brazil).
Has the mind emerged from matter?
23
Sep
This question lies in the work of Berkeley’s philosopher, anthropologist and
cognitive scientist Terrence Deacon, in Incomplete Nature: how mind emerges from matter (2013), where Deacon considers information a phenomenon whose existence is determined respectively by an essential absence, something like Not realized that may or may not be the accomplished one.
If in the 19th century the great paradigm was to admit the existence of energy and its relation to matter, now modified by Constantine Tsallis (see our post), the 20th century brings to us its difficulties in assimilating the existential unreality of information. A complete explanation of the real nature of information is such that it would be necessary to distinguish information from merely material or energetic relations which also require a paradigm shift, so a form / background alternation that we call this in-form-action in my blog would still be More fundamentally a counterintuitive vision than that demanded by energy (Deacon, 2013, p.373)
Deacon uses for his argument, several examples from biology and mathematics to justify his idea, essentially emerging from a nothingness, is not really new in philosophy and science, still less in logic and mathematics, but unlike Descartes Where the first certainty is the I, in modern mathematics the first certainty is the 0, the empty set and now with the digital, 0 and 1, that emerges a metamamatic as Gregory Chaitin wants, which we already discussed in another post.
The cardinal number model of the mathematician Von Neumann defines all numbers literally from scratch: there is the empty set. The empty set itself has an element: the empty set itself, Alain Turing and Claude Shannon idealized the machine, but it was von Neumann who built it, if we think the Mark I and Konrad Zuze’s machine were no more than electro calculators -mechanics. A mathematician connected to the theory of Sets, Ernst Zermelo, although he makes a different reasoning, also part of the zero to reach all the cardinals. Information is part of modern man, not only in the city, but now in the so-called Information Society, that we ourselves will produce it from situations where we identify that something is missing.
This appears to be the best approach to address the nature of information She is always something that is missing. As if at all times reality was wondering: now what is missing, and providing what it can. This idea is even known to us. Being proactive, efficient, organized, is always to have a preventive and proactive attitude towards possible situations.
It’s an anticipation. It is to detect what is lacking and to provide. According to Deacon, this logic permeates all reality. In addition to the abundant infosphere in which we stand, emerging information is a constant demand, whether through living beings or not.
Deacon claims the idea of mathematician and communication theorist Claude Shannon, who associated maximum entropy with minimal information and vice versa, bringing information to the origin of the order / disorder dichotomy, so dear to theories of complex systems, the mathematics of chaos and to the irreversible thermodynamics of the dissipative structures of Ilya Prigogini, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977, from where the ideas of Chaos and Complexity emerges.
Constantino Tsallis, Terrence W. Deacon and Gregory Chaitin has talks in EBICC Conference in São Paulo, Brazil.
DEACON, T. W. Incomplete Nature: the mind emerged from matter. 2013.
Smartphone recognizing surface
12
Sep
Researchers at this university have created a type of camera called SpeCam that can 
recognize the surface that the smartphone is and set different tasks for it.
For example, if the phone rings and you put it upside down on the laptop, it could send a message to the caller saying “sorry, I’m in a meeting” or put it in your pocket could suggest to another colleague.
SpeCam is actually a program that allows existing phones to use the camera’s function to recognize different materials to which the smartphones are exposed, linked to a database that recognizes the fabric and links it to a message.
The work was presented in the recent 19th. International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction by Mobile Devices and Services, ACM SIGHI MOBILEHCI 2017, Vienna Austria, on Wednesday, September 6 by researchers led by Aaron Quigley.
“This is an example of what we call Discrete Computing or discrete interaction, where subtle and subtle user actions can result in entirely new forms of interaction. , recognize materials, all surfaces around us become a screen for our imagination. ”
SpeCam cleverly uses the display / display on a smartphone as a multi-spectral light source and the front camera to capture the reflection of the material that has been placed face up.
SpeCam: Sensing Surface Color and Material with Front-Facing Camera of a Mobile Device” received an honorable mention award at MobileHCI, one of five such articles throughout the the program.
The beautiful and the liquid
05
Sep
The idea that there is a liquefaction of aesthetics in modernity is as modern as the
concepts of freedom, state and mainly: subjects and objects.
In this death of aesthetics, some authors have already written, the beautiful is merely an exposition of the sensible of the idea in works of art, and it would be from them that the contradiction created in modernity between subject and object would be solved, thus a work of art would be : “The first intermediate link between what is merely external, sensitive and transitory, and pure thinking” was perhaps less liquid, would be “scientific.”
Hegel acknowledged in Kantian philosophy a “breakthrough in relation to other aesthetic theories”, since, according to the apex philosopher of idealism, the possibility of unification between spirit and nature would give for art, but refuses it when realizing that would lead to a insurmountable dualism between subject and object, in a rather rude synthesis we would say: “the idealist demon.”
But he does not overcome this “demon,” as Hegel said: “… the artistic beauty was recognized as one of the means that resolves and brings to unity a contradiction and opposition between the spirit resting in himself abstractly and nature . … Kant’s philosophy felt this point of unification in its necessity, as it also recognized and represented it in a determinate way. “(HEGEL, 2001, p. 74)
The book by the German-Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han, Die Errettung des Schönen (The Salvation of the Beautiful) (Fischer Verlag, 2015, without translation to Portuguese or english) gives a new guiding thread to the question of the beautiful, with what he has already called other books of “lack of negativity of our era”.
It uses in its language the ideas of the “positive” and “negative”, to designate super consumption, whether of commodities, information and capital, rather prefers diversity than alterity, rather difference than distinct, and thus in the aesthetic to the rugged, and aesthetic is for Han an apology to the smooth, the polite, the pornographic and not the erotic (in the sense of eros).
Subjectivity is confusingly smooth, without interiority and difficulties (without suffering we have already said it), submits to a simplicity that wants to flatten and polish, therapies to overcome fear, distress, religious worship is the repetitive and pure ” indoctrination “, reading without any hermeneutics and full of old and outdated exegesis, lectures should amuse and not teach, media are confused with their ends (which is for-communication).
The liquefied is that liquefazem everything, to be according to its smoothness, its ugliness and its absence of negativity and contradiction, is more than idealism is “pure idealism”, bodies that look like dolls, faces without expression or of unique expression, absence of mimesis, we will return to it, but here it is enough repetitive, imitative, mere representation, false receptivity, the act of resembling, and in the background the presentation of the self (no alter).
HAN, B.C. Die Errettung des Schönen (The Salvation of the Beautiful), DE: Fischer Verlag, 2015.
HEGEL, George W. Curso de Estética (Aesthetics courses). BR. São Paulo: Edusp, 2001.
The problem of consciousness and algorithms
24
Aug
Mathematician and computer scientist Gregory Chaitin, who is Argentinean American and is at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, formulated still young from the complexity of Kolmogorov, contributions to the formulation of an algorithmic and meta-mathematical information theory, which was Developed from the formulation of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, already quoted here in previous posts and its relation with the Turing Machine and Alonzo Church, which gave rise to modern digital computing.
Chaitin defined a constant that bears his name and uses the symbol Ω, a real number whose digits are equidistributed, and which is sometimes informally described as an expression of the probability that a random program will be interrupted.
The constant Ω has the mathematical property of being decidable but computable we can say separates Hilbert-Gödel’s problem from the Turing / Church problem, but more than that, it gives a key to solve problems in the field of biology (obtaining A formal definition of “life,” origin and evolution) and neuroscience (the problem of consciousness and the study of the mind).
In epistemology, Chaitin proposed that both in mathematical logic and in algorithmic theory, “mathematical facts that are true for whatever reason, they are true by accident.these are random mathematical facts.” Chaitin proposes that mathematicians should abandon any hope of proving these mathematical facts and adopting a semi-empirical methodology.
In this sense it creates a metaphysics of mathematics, or a metamathematics one, capable of elaborating algorithms that propose a logic of life and even of the conscience, from there are possible the studies of biology and the mind by formulations of this metamathemamatics one.
Gregory Chaitin will be at USP at the EBICC event in early November this year addressing the issue of awareness from his perspective.
Autonomous and Intelligent Systems
23
Aug
Autonomy linked to the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been changing
its connotation over time, and today we can say that it is linked to the generic idea of interaction with information and social environments, which of course is a little too vague.
So creating relationships between the field of Intelligent Agents and Complexity development, matters that have a very consistent formalization is Agent-based compueter is a good idea, and makes the concept less abstract.
According to Nicholas Jenning (2000), intelligent agents-based computer: “ represents an exciting new synthesis both for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, more generally, Computer Science. It has the potential to significantly improve the theory and the practice of modeling, designing, and implementing computer systems. Yet, to date, there has been little systematic analysis of what makes the agent-based approach such an appealing and powerful computational model. Moreover, even less effort has been devoted to discussing the inherent disadvantages that stem from adopting an agent-oriented view. Here both sets of issues are explored.
A very important point, and little explored yet, but cited by Jenning is the question of social interaction, says the author: “The standpoint of this analysis is the role of agent-based software in solving complex, real-world problems. In particular, it will be argued that the development of robust and scalable software systems requires autonomous agents that can complete their objectives while situated in a dynamic and uncertain environment, that can engage in rich, high-level social interactions, and that can operate within flexible organisational structures”.
A field that is not well explored is whether robots and intelligent systems that have effective social interaction can be “aware” of this interaction, in the phenomenological sense, which says that it is consciousness of “something” that its activity directed to certain objects.
This is our next question.
Jenning, Nicholas. On agent-based software engineering . . Artificial Intelligence 117, Science Direct (Elsevier licence), 2000.
Unknown Stories of Computing
21
Aug
Charles Babbage built two machines called Analytical Engine and Diferential Engine
, these machines, their systematizations and thoughts would not have arrived until we were not working patiently Ada de Lovelace (1815-1852), daughter of Lord Byron who compiled and organized the work of this Pioneer, making it understandable to mathematicians of the time.
Later David Hilbert (1862-1943) listed 23 mathematical problems at the time without solutions, one of which was to organize an algebraic system in order to solve the problem computability problem by algorithms, Kurt Gödel thinking about this problem creates a paradox about Completeness of systems, stating that it can not prove having proof by an assertion within the system, then consistency problems weaken such systems.
Thus it was necessary that logic, besides being constructed with good properties, had consistency (no contradictions), completeness (any proposition would be either truth or false exclusively) and the systems were decidable (existence of a method allowing to establish if any formula whether the formula was true or false).
This latter property was called by Hilbert as the “entcheidungsproblem”, or problem of “decision”.
Alan Turing and Claude Shannon working on coding machines (for US government messages) and decoding (a machine called Enigma was captured from Hitler’s army), as both projects were secret, found in meals and work breaks as indicated The book by James Gleick and talk about the problem proposed by Hilbert and not solved by Gödel, a secret document proves this passage of Turing, who was English, by Bell Laboratories, where he worked on deciphering the Enigma machine code.
Shannon at that time worked as a monitor at MIT in Vannevar Bush’s laboratory, who had proposed a “read” machine called MEMEX (it appeared in TIME magazine) was not a computer itself, but a machine to cross information from books.
Vannevar Bush suggested to Claude Shannon Boole’s Algebra..
Later using the model of the mathematician Alonzo Church that finalized the design of Alain Turing, and the call Turing Machine is actually based on Turing / Church model.
Norbert Wiener’s model were electronic models of feedback machines, although he founded Cybernetics, the idea was to create models for movements and turn them into problem-solving models, they were contemporary with Vannevar Bush of MIT
The animation in the east
10
Jul
Even though internet video and online movie sales are increasing, such as Netflix,
movies are still very strong even in countries where technology is cutting edge, such as Japanese cinema, with the box office of “Your Name” (Kimi no na wa), which reached 180 million viewers in 2016.
Besides the drawings of Mangá, Digimon Adventure, Naruto, Pokémon, Sailor Moon, Cowboy Bebop, and other characters are also not far from the famous (among the young) , Dragon Ball Z, Dragon Ball GT, The Knights of the Zodiac, Sakura, Hamtaro, Digimon, Beyblade and Inuyasha.
The drawings are very colorful, rich in detail, with elegant but original clothes, and although the stories are unreal (not to be confused with virtual ones), heroes take care of cities and value the imagination with special powers that attract children and adolescents in a World without utopias and fantasies, it is not possible to imagine the reason for such success.
The film, Kimi no na wa (His name), has grossed about $ 76 million in China since its December 2 debut,
Toho distributor Kimi No Na Wa said box office sales in China topped 9 billion yen, or about 76 million dollars, since its December 2 debut. 1 million dollars in conservative Thailand.
Directed by Makoto Shinkai, tells a love story of two young high school students, who exchange their bodies and start to live an adventure rich in fantasy and feelings, was launched in late 2016 in 91 countries, including France and Korea Of the South, but still no date for Brazil
