Arquivo para May 17th, 2016
What is peace?
17
May
Rests on our minds the concept of “no war”, or “eternal peace”, either 
than “lasting peace” are the concepts developed in modern times, but were always like this? They need updating?
To answer the question what is the Peace must list at least didactically list three separate concepts historically: the Pax Romana, which runs from the end of civil wars announced by the emperor Augustus (27 BC) and lasted until the death of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD, which is actually the absence of war; peace and tolerance which model is the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and “lasting” peace our current model.
The period called the war of 30 years (1618-1648), whose background was religious conflict born of the reform, in which the Holy Roman Catholic-Roman family of the Austrian Hapsburg countered the Evangelical Union, arising from religious reform Martin Luther and John Calvin, who wanted the greatest biblical experience, the Holy Roman Empire fragmented into three religions: Catholic, Lutheran and Calvinist, at the end of the war was made a peace treaty in Westphalia province, whose treaty received this name in 1648, the forerunner of the current concept.
We can call this kind of peace of respect and tolerance on which will write John Locke (1632-1704) in the Essay Concerning Toleration (1667) and Voltaire, in his Treatise on Toleration (1763), there were still Republican principles “democracy” and “person.”
The peace model that we have today was born with Kant that can be seen as “the use and prevalence of the reason for the constitution of the individual sphere – the construction of the modern individual – the establishment of public space for discussion and resolution of social conflicts” , advocated by some legal scholars and theorists, that is what I call peace “enduring”.
Our main criticism of this model is first to historical because it is a model based on the moment of creation of a group of nations with diverse cultures and interests, and the second criticism the concept model of “individual”, that is not the specific person.
Idem understand how even the singular individual, and ipse as the person’s identity.
Our proposal of a ontoética is to think such a globalized country, with varied and diffuse interpretations of the human person, their rights and duties before the presence of the Other, from an ethical proposing authors such as Emmanuel Levinas, for whom the abstract individual tends “to an entirely different thing for absolutely another” (Levinas, 1989, p. 21), and Paul Ricoeur that when writing “the self as another” states that “we can not think until the end the person idem without the ipse, even when an overlying the Other, “indicating where to from the ontoética (Ricoeur, 1991, p. 147).
References (in portuguese version):
RICOEUR, Paul. O si-mesmo como um outro. Trad. Luci Moreira Cesar. Campinas: Papirus, 1991.
LEVINAS, E. Totalidade e Infinito, Edições 70, Lisboa, 1989.
